Teaching & Psychology MCQs for Head Teacher & Education Jobs

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📘 Introduction

Explore 50 well-structured, one-liner MCQs covering essential concepts in teaching skills, educational psychology, classroom management, instructional technology, and the foundations of educational science. Perfect for educators preparing for head teacher exams and teaching job tests.

👨‍🏫 Section 1: Teaching Skills & Roles

1-Main role of teacher is identified with a Leader
2-Prior to teaching the teacher does Identification of objectives, Preparation of teaching lesson plan, Know the interest of students. All of the above
3-Effective teaching includes Teacher is active and students are active
4-Immediate outcome of teaching is changes in the behaviour of students in desirable direction
5-Questioning skill in teaching is most useful in ensuring students’ active participation in learning
6-A teacher wants to enhance his income. You will advise him/her to Writing Books
7-The most significant approach of evaluation is Continuous & comprehensive evaluation
8-Educational technology is useful because it makes teaching effective and efficient
9-A teacher must have mastery over his subject for making teaching effective
10-The term ‘kinder garden’ means Children’s playground

🧠 Section 2: Learning & Student Development

11-The most appropriate meaning of learning is Modification of behaviour
12-Teachers knowledge on student’s needs and interests are covered by the subject Psychology of education
13-Work experience in education means Education for orientation towards vocational courses
14-Article 25 (A) of constitution of Pakistan deals with: Right to education
15-First school for transgender in Punjab inaugurated in the city of Lahore on (7-12-2022)
16-The concept of school complex was first executed in India
17-Institutional planning should be based on Aim and needs
18-INSAT—1 has been launched in 30 August, 1983
19-Computer language is based Number system (0,1)
20-UNESCO satellite directed television program was used first 1965

📚 Section 3: Instructional Models & Technology

21-Instructional procedure is the main component in Basic teaching model
22-The computer based teaching model has been developed by Stolurow and Davis (1965)
23-Major objective of School Discipline is To ensure safety of staff and students and To create an environment conducive for teaching Both
24-GC Lahore was converted to university in which year? 2002
25-A fault in a computer programme which prevents it from working correctly is Bug
26-Practical knowledge of language is learnt at Language laboratory
27-Which one of the following is not a principle of a good time table? Ruthless master
28-The reason of absence and escape from school is Lack of interest in syllabus, Poor method of teaching, Ineffective teacher All the above
29-Ministry of Human Resource Development was established on Sept. 26, 1985
30-Psychology is a social science

🧪 Section 4: Psychology & Behaviourism

31-Psychology as a ‘Science of Mind’, defined by school of psychology. Greek Philosophers
32-In the year the Scientific Psychology was first accepted. 1879
33-Who is the father of Experimental Psychology. Wilhelm Wundt
34-Psychology can be literally defined as the Science of soul
35-J.B. Watson, the founder and father of behaviouristic school of psychology defined ‘Psychology’ as the science of Behaviour
36-E.B. Titchener (1867-1927) defined ‘Psychology’ as the science of Conscious Experience
37-Who defined ‘Psychology’ as the scientific study of activities of organism in relation to its environment? Woodsworth
38-“S-R” concept was first established by J.B Watson
39-Rejecting the concept of “S-R” connectionism, further “S-O-R” concept was developed by Woodworth
40-Who defined “Psychology as the science of immediate experience with consciousness being the main subject matter”? E.B. Titchener and Wilhelm Wundt

🔍 Section 5: Intelligence, Memory & Scientific Method

41-Who is the psychologist who constructed the first intelligence test? Alfred Binet
42-The occurrence of ‘O’ in ‘S-O-R’ concept is responsible in regulating the behavior of the organism and making psychological activity Dynamic
43-Anything which evokes a response in the Organism is called Stimulus
44-The method of ‘Field Observation’ is always considered as Objective
45-To study Abnormal Psychology means, to study mainly the nature of Unconscious level of mind
46-Clinical Psychology deals with the practical aspect of Abnormal Psychology
47-Ebbinghuas, had done the pioneering experiments on Memory
48-Science is invariably characterised by Its methodology
49-Management concerned with administration of human resources, material resources, physical resources All
50-To explain, manipulate or control are the phenomena of scientific method

 

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50 Curriculum Models and Educational Philosophy MCQs for All Teacher Exams

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📘 Introduction

Explore 50 well-structured, one-liner MCQs covering key topics in curriculum models, educational philosophy, teaching strategies, and foundational research concepts. Perfect for head teacher exams and educational job preparation.

📚 Section 1: Curriculum Models & Theorists

1-Tyler curriculum model was presented in 1949 by Ralph Taylor; it has 4 components. Tyler Model
2-Taba curriculum model was presented in 1962 by Hilda Taba; it has 7 components. Taba Model
3-Cyclical curriculum model was presented in 1967 by Duke Wheeler; it has 5 components. Cyclical Model
4-Kerr curriculum model was presented in 1968 by Johan Kerr; it has 4 components. Kerr Model
5-Nicholls and Nicholls Situational Analysis Model of curriculum was presented in 1976; it has 5 components. Situational Analysis
6-Stage-based/flow chart curriculum model was presented in 1989 by Lawton; it has 5 components. Stage-Based Model
7-Taba Model includes: Diagnosis of Needs, Objectives, Selection & Organization of Content, Learning Experiences, and Evaluation. Taba Components
8-Taba was a student of John Dewey. John Dewey
9-Taba wrote the book “Curriculum Development: Theory and Practice” in 1962. Taba Book
10-Taba’s model is inductive and focuses on learner needs. Inductive
11-Taba’s model is known as the grass-root approach. Grass-root Approach
12-Tyler’s book “Basic Principles of Curriculum & Instruction” is called the Bible of curriculum. Curriculum Bible
13-Tyler Model includes: Identification of Objectives, Source Selection, Content Organization, and Evaluation. Tyler Components
14-Tyler Model is deductive and administrator-focused. Deductive
15-Tyler presented the behavioral objectives model of curriculum evaluation. Behavioral Model
16-The three sources of objectives in Tyler’s model are students, society, and subject matter. Objective Sources
17-Behavioral objectives should be observable and measurable. Behavioral Objectives
18-There are four components in behavioral objectives. Four Components
19-ABCD Model includes Audience, Behavior, Condition, and Degree. ABCD Model
20-The physical environment of a school is an example of hidden curriculum. Hidden Curriculum

🧠 Section 2: Knowledge Types & Philosophy

21-Dividing various subjects into departments is called departmentalization. Departmentalization
22-Planned learning experiences with specific goals are direct learning experiences. Direct Experience
23-Planned learning experiences with specific goals are also called indirect learning experiences. Indirect Experience
24-A written overview of the entire curriculum is called a block plan. Block Plan
25-A curriculum responsive to learners’ changing needs is an emergent curriculum. Emergent Curriculum
26-A curriculum evaluated for effectiveness is a validated curriculum. Validated Curriculum
27-Knowledge from Allah through prophets is called revelation. Revelation
28-Intellectual knowledge is acquired by thinking. Intellectual Knowledge
29-Instinct knowledge is acquired without effort. Instinct Knowledge
30-The basic aim of Islam is self-preparation and a balanced personality. Balanced Personality
31-The keyword “examine” is used in the analysis level. Examine – Analysis

👨‍🏫 Section 3: Teaching Effectiveness

32-One can be a good teacher if they know their subject. Know Subject
33-An important skill of teaching is helping students understand the lesson. Understanding
34-Effective teaching is about making students learn and understand. Effective Teaching
35-Rationalism says knowledge comes from senses or observation. Rationalism

📊 Section 4: Educational Research & Data

36-A mix of quantitative and qualitative approaches is called mixed-method research. Mixed Method
37-Qualitative data is in words, quantitative in numbers. Data Types
38-A study on computer-based algebra effectiveness is applied research. Applied Research
39-Questionnaires, interviews, and observations are not experiments. Data Tools
40-Dissertations and textbooks are least likely to be primary sources. Not Primary
41-Priori knowledge is independent of observation; posteriori is dependent. Knowledge Types

📖 Section 5: Educational Thinkers & Theories

42-“Democracy and Education” was written by John Dewey. Dewey Book
43-John Dewey explored external world and mind in “Experience and Nature.” Experience and Nature
44-Realists solve physical world problems using senses and reason. Realism
45-Idealism values eternal and absolute beauty. Idealism – Axiology
46-Logic deals with reasoning. Logic
47-Revelation is Islam’s source for ultimate truth. Islamic Knowledge
48-Pragmatism bases metaphysics on experience. Pragmatism
49-Anthropology studies cross-cultural differences in values and behaviors. Anthropology
50-A profession succeeds by maintaining quality work. Professional Quality

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Educational MCQs on Psychology, Philosophy & Research

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Are you preparing for educational psychology, research methods, and teaching philosophy exams? These Educational MCQs offer a focused, well-structured collection that includes key topics such as teaching styles, curriculum values, psychological branches, research techniques, and assessment models. Ideal for head teachers, educators, and education job candidates, this set is designed to sharpen your understanding through precise, one-liner questions and direct answers. Let’s dive into this valuable learning tool that makes complex theories easy to recall!

Assessment Techniques

  1. Short answer items can efficiently measure a student’s ability to recall specific information. Recall Specific Information

💡 Types of Educational Values

  1. Instrumental value: pursued not for its own sake but for an end beyond itself. Instrumental

  2. Preparatory value: prepares the way for other studies. Preparatory

  3. Introductory value: introduces us to several subjects. Introductory

  4. Practical value: useful for satisfying personal needs and wants. Practical

  5. Conventional value: traditionally described as desirable in a subject. Conventional

  6. Essential value: includes basic physical, social, language, and numerical skills. Essential

  7. Personal value: good for oneself. Personal

  8. Social value: good for society and helps build relationships. Social

  9. Intrinsic value: provides intellectual joy and motivation. Intrinsic

  10. Liberalizing value: offers intellectual insight and sentimental development. Liberalizing

  11. Institutional value: established by institutions. Institutional

  12. Global value: determined outside of school; universal values like love and truth. Global

📊 Research & Statistics

  1. T-Test, ANOVA, and Chi-Square are part of inferential statistics. Inferential Statistics

  2. Temperature is an example of an interval scale. Interval Scale

🧬 Psychology and Intelligence

  1. Who presented the theory of multiple intelligences? Howard Gardner

  2. Short-term memory (STM), also called working memory, lasts between 15–30 seconds. 15–30 Seconds

  3. Teaching Urdu language and literature is an example of core curriculum. Core Curriculum

  4. The ability to solve problems, think abstractly, and adapt to new environments is called intelligence. Intelligence

🔬 Research Methods

  1. Independent variable is applied to the experimental group in research. Independent Variable

  2. Applying scientific method to educational problems is called educational research. Educational Research

  3. Researcher manipulates the independent variable in experimental research. Experimental Research

📚 Psychology Branches

  1. General psychology deals with fundamentals of all psychology branches. General Psychology

  2. Developmental psychology studies stages of human development. Developmental Psychology

  3. Abnormal psychology is concerned with abnormal behavior and its causes. Abnormal Psychology

  4. Social psychology deals with behavior in social contexts. Social Psychology

  5. Psychology is the science of studying the behavior of living organisms. Psychology

🔍 Influences and Contributors

  1. Much knowledge about human perception is borrowed from physics. Physics

  2. Developmental psychology is largely focused on child behavior. Children

  3. Who is the founder of Individual Psychology? Alfred Adler

  4. Who is associated with behaviorism? B.F. Skinner

  5. Wolfgang Köhler is associated with which psychology school? Gestalt Psychology

  6. Who established the first experimental psychological lab? Wilhelm Wundt

  7. Who contributed to insightful learning? Köhler

  8. Who rejected introspection as a method in psychology? J.B. Watson

🧪 Psychology Research Methods

  1. Which method uses independent and dependent variables? Experimental Method

  2. Which method involves passive analysis of behavior? Observational Method

  3. In a simple experiment, one variable is manipulated. One Variable

  4. When more than one independent variable is used, it’s called? Interaction

🧱 Psychology Foundations

  1. Concepts like introspection and conscious experience are associated with? Structuralism

  2. What is the least noticeable value of a stimulus called? Stimulus Threshold

  3. Which approach is rooted in Gestalt psychology? Cognitive Approach

  4. Which approach emphasizes instinctual behavior modification? Behavioristic Approach

  5. Which system survives in its rigid form today? Existential Approach

🧠 Psychology Perspectives

  1. Biological perspective relates behavior to body functions. Biological Perspective

  2. The perspective studying characteristic changes with maturity is called? Developmental Perspective

  3. Who defined psychology as dynamic? Woodworth

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Educational Research MCQs – Top 50 Questions for Exam Prep

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Are you preparing for an education-related job test or competitive exam? These top 50 Educational Research MCQs will help you practice important concepts such as hypothesis types, sampling methods, curriculum planning, and assessment tools. Designed for teachers, headmasters, and education officers, these one-liner questions are research-based and accurate.

📌 Section 1: Sampling Techniques

1. Purposive sampling is different from convenience sampling because researchers use their judgment to select a sample.

2. A table of random numbers is used in random sampling.

3. Convenience sampling is also called accidental or haphazard sampling.

4. Purposive sampling is also known as judgment sampling.

5. Snowball sampling is also referred to as network, chain, referral, reputational, or respondent-driven sampling.

6. When a university president selects specific faculty members for feedback, it is an example of non-random sampling.

7. If random or systematic sampling isn’t feasible, researchers may use convenience sampling.

8. A counselor interviews students who voluntarily seek career guidance. This is an example of convenience sampling.

9. Convenience samples are usually not representative and should be avoided when possible.

🧠 Section 2: Educational Philosophies

10. Existentialism is concerned with existence and free choice, while Perennialism focuses on old values.

11. Essentialism emphasizes basics, culture, and traditions.

12. Progressivism focuses on practical learning, whereas Reconstructionism promotes social reform.

13. Pragmatism values experience; Naturalism focuses on nature.

14. Idealism is based on the mind, and Realism focuses on physical objects.

15. A teacher who models democracy and motivates students for social change follows Reconstructionism.

16. Belief in learning through meaningful experience reflects Progressivism.

17. A philosophy that does not value computer literacy is Perennialism.

18. A teacher dispensing knowledge while students absorb eternal truths supports Perennialism.

📚 Section 3: Research Methods & Study Types

19. A study observing the same sample over a long time is called a Longitudinal study (Vertical study).

20. A study observing a sample at a single point in time is called a Cross-sectional study (Horizontal study).

21. The type of research determines the sample size.

22. Applying findings from a sample to the population is known as generalization.

📑 Section 4: Research Report Structure

23. A content list is part of the preliminary pages of a research report.

🎓 Section 5: Curriculum & Learning Models

24. In existentialism, the student chooses the curriculum for self-directed learning.

25. A curriculum framework serves as a guide for designing or selecting curriculum.

26. A spiral curriculum reflects expanding circles of interest as children grow.

27. Fidelity refers to how accurately a curriculum model is implemented.

28. Learning standards define expectations for student learning.

29. The project approach engages students in deep investigation of a topic.

30. Vertical repetition of content reflects the principle of continuity.

31. The most important element for a teacher in school is the learner.

32. At the secondary level in Pakistan, the curriculum is diversified into Science and Arts groups.

33. The number of working weeks at primary and secondary levels in Pakistan is 35.

34. The study of the Quran was made compulsory in 2018 under the Nazra Act.

📝 Section 6: Assessment & Evaluation

35. Objectives are essential for the evaluation process.

36. A textbook is an example of supported curriculum.

37. Demonstrating skills in real life is an example of authentic assessment.

38. Evaluating student performance in specific contexts is called product evaluation.

39. Assessing learning experiences and activities is part of process evaluation.

40. Assessment during teaching and learning is known as process assessment.

41. Assessment of learning outcomes is called product assessment.

42. Evaluation is an umbrella term that includes test, measurement, and assessment.

43. Assessment helps determine students’ learning styles.

📘 Section 7: Test Construction

44. Homogeneous material is used in a single-column matching test.

45. The goal in MCQs is to find the correct or best option.

46. Fill-in-the-blank questions are also known as completion items.

📖 Section 8: Philosophy in Education

47. Procedures used to collect learning progress are called assessment.

48. According to Gay, assessment includes all procedures to evaluate learning.

49. Evaluation involves value judgment of institutions, programs, and projects.

50. The branch of philosophy that studies how we acquire knowledge is Epistemology.

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100 Hypothesis, Research Methods, and Sampling Techniques MCQs for Education Jobs

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Preparing for education job tests like head teacher or lecturer positions? This comprehensive collection of Hypothesis, Research Methods, and Sampling Techniques MCQs is specially curated for candidates appearing in teaching and academic job exams. These questions will help you reinforce your understanding of research-based assessment concepts.

Educational Research & Administration MCQs 

What is the purpose of coordinating in administration?
To bring harmony among all elements of the program.
Answer: Coordinating

Which administration style involves planning by the administrator and strict responsibility assignment?
Answer: Autocratic Administration

In which administration type does the administrator direct the worker to “get it yourself”?
Answer: Autocratic Administration

Which administration type involves cooperative planning and giving due credit to workers?
Answer: Democratic Administration

Which hypothesis states that no relationship exists between variables?
Answer: Null

What is another name for the null hypothesis?
Answer: Statistical Hypothesis / Maintained Hypothesis

Which hypothesis declares a relationship between two variables?
Answer: Research Hypothesis

What are the three common forms of hypothesis?
Answer: Question, Prediction, and Declarative Form

Which hypothesis form states a relationship between the concerned variables?
Answer: Declarative Form

“There is significant difference in learning with and without activities.” What form is this hypothesis?
Answer: Declarative Form

Which form of hypothesis predicts a relationship between variables?
Answer: Prediction Form

“There will be significant difference in learning with and without activities.” Which form is this?
Answer: Prediction Form

Which hypothesis form is written as a question?
Answer: Question Form

“Is there any significant difference in learning with and without activities?” What is this an example of?
Answer: Question Form

In POSDCORB, what does “CO” stand for?
Answer: Coordinating

Why is a directional hypothesis considered riskier?
Answer: Less likely to occur

Which function of administration involves making arrangements?
Answer: Organizing

Which function involves executing plans and decisions?
Answer: Commanding

A student taught by a same-gender teacher enjoys history more. What does this indicate?
Answer: Research Hypothesis

Which hypothesis form reflects high expectations of variable relationships in an experiment?
Answer: Directional Hypothesis

What is always true about hypotheses in research?
Answer: They are always tested.

What are common sources of hypotheses?
Answer: Culture, theories, experiences, and previous research.

What kind of statement is believed to be true but needs verification?
Answer: Hypothesis

What kind of statement is believed to be true without requiring verification?
Answer: Assumption

What do we call a statement that defines the expected relationship between two or more variables?
Answer: Hypothesis

Research Hypothesis and Sampling MCQs 

Which hypothesis states “there is no difference between means and scores”?
Answer: Null Hypothesis

Which type of research typically does not include a hypothesis?
Answer: Qualitative Research

What is another name for a research hypothesis?
Answer: Alternative Hypothesis

How do we write the null and research hypotheses symbolically?
Answer: Null: H₀, Research: H₁, H₂, H₃

 

Which signs are used for research and null hypotheses respectively?
Answer: Research: >, <, ≠ — Null: =

What types can a research hypothesis be divided into?
Answer: Directional or Non-directiona

Which hypothesis states both a relationship and its direction (positive or negative)?
Answer: Directional Hypothesis

Which hypothesis states only a relationship but no direction?
Answer: Non-Directional Hypothesis

“There is no difference in achievement with or without activity-based learning.” This is an example of?
Answer: Null Hypothesis

“Motivation considerably increases learning achievement.” Which type is this?
Answer: Directional Hypothesis

“Punishment considerably decreases learning achievement.” Which type is this?
Answer: Directional Hypothesis

“There is impact of punishment on learning achievement.” Which type is this?
Answer: Non-Directional Hypothesis

“Relaxation therapy is more effective than standard patient education.” Which type is this?
Answer: Directional Hypothesis

“There is a significant difference in population mean between Method A and Method B.” This reflects what?
Answer: Positive Hypothesis

What supports a directional hypothesis?
Answer: Literature, personal experience, and experience of others

What is the second step in the problem-solving method?
Answer: Formulation of Hypothesis

What is the foundation of experimental research?
Answer: Hypothesis

What does a simple hypothesis show?
Answer: Relationship between two variables

What does a complex hypothesis show?
Answer: Relationship between more than two variables

Which hypothesis is verified using logic?
Answer: Logical Hypothesis

Which hypothesis is verified using statistics?
Answer: Statistical Hypothesis

What do we call the group selected for research?
Answer: Population

Who makes up a population in research?
Answer: All members of a real or hypothetical group

What is the first step in sampling?
Answer: Define the Population

If 700 biology majors at GC University are studied, what do they represent?
Answer: Population

Educational Research & Sampling Techniques MCQs 

Who makes up the group of interest that a researcher wants to study and generalize results to?
Answer: Population

What do we call the population from which a researcher selects a sample to generalize results?
Answer: Target Population

What portion of the population does a researcher have reasonable access to?
Answer: Accessible Population

What do we call a study that collects data from every member of the population?
Answer: Census Study

What is the representative group selected by a specific procedure from the population called?
Answer: Sample

What do we call the specific procedure used to select a representative group from the population?
Answer: Sampling

What is the process of selecting units from a population to estimate its characteristics called?
Answer: Sampling

In research, what is the difference between a population and a sample?
Answer: Population is the group of interest; sample is its subset

Which sampling technique helps achieve greater representation in a sample?
Answer: Proportional Sampling Technique

Why is sampling useful in research?
Answer: Because the research involves a large unit, not everyone can be measured, and sampling provides a smaller, representative group.
Answer: All of the above

If a population is divided into homogeneous subgroups and random samples are taken from each, what is this method called?
Answer: Stratified Sampling

Which technique helps achieve greater sample representation?
Answer: Proportional/Random Sampling Technique

What are the two basic types of sampling?
Answer: Probability Sampling & Non-Probability Sampling

Which sampling method gives each individual an equal chance of selection?
Answer: Random Sampling

What is another name for random sampling?
Answer: Probability Sampling

What is another name for non-random sampling?
Answer: Non-Probability Sampling

Which are examples of random sampling?
Answer: Systematic, Stratified, Cluster, Proportionate, and Simple Random Sampling

Which are examples of non-random sampling?
Answer: Purposive, Convenient, Snowball, Quota, Double/Multistage Sampling

What kind of selection do random sampling techniques ensure?
Answer: Equal and independent chances

What should a researcher do for efficient and convenient results?
Answer: Define the population clearly and choose the accessible population

Which sampling method does not offer equal chances to all individuals?
Answer: Non-Random Sampling

What is a classic example of simple random sampling?
Answer: Lottery Method

In which sampling method are individuals selected from a list at specific intervals?
Answer: Systematic Sampling

Which method is suitable for studying the prevalence of Hepatitis by gender and year in Pakistan?
Answer: Systematic Sampling

Which sampling method is generally used when the population is finite?
Answer: Systematic Sampling

Educational Research & Sampling Techniques MCQs 

Which sampling technique ensures the same proportion of individuals in a sample as in the population?
Answer: Stratified Sampling

Which sampling method selects entire groups instead of individuals?
Answer: Cluster Sampling

Which sampling method is best suited for research problems involving a heterogeneous population?
Answer: Stratified Sampling

What do we call groups of members that share common characteristics within a population?
Answer: Strata

What is the name of the sampling technique where the population is divided into groups, and samples are taken in stages?
Answer: Double/Multistage Sampling

Which sampling technique selects samples from each subgroup in proportion to their size in the population?
Answer: Proportionate Sampling

Which technique is typically used when the target population is spread across a wide geographic area?
Answer: Cluster Sampling

Which sampling method randomly selects intact groups instead of individuals?
Answer: Cluster Sampling

When a list of all population members is unavailable, which sampling method should researchers apply?
Answer: Cluster Random Sampling

 

In which sampling method is every 10th individual in a list selected?
Answer: Systematic Sampling

Which sampling method ensures representation of subgroups?
Answer: Systematic Sampling

Which method selects individuals based on intervals from a population list according to the sample size?
Answer: Systematic Sampling

What is the minimum sample size per group in experimental research?
Answer: 15 per group

In which sampling technique do participants help identify other potential participants?
Answer: Snowball Sampling

Which non-random sampling method selects participants based on specific characteristics and convenience?
Answer: Purposive Sampling

Which sampling method selects participants based on fixed numerical quotas?
Answer: Quota Sampling

How many main parts does a research report have?
Answer: Three

What do we call the second or middle part of a research report?
Answer: Main Body

What is the last section of a research report?
Answer: Appendices

Which type of sampling is essential for experimental research?
Answer: Random Sampling

What key element in content-related validity concerns the sampling evidence?
Answer: Evidence of the Sampling

Which types of population are rarely available to researchers?
Answer: Actual Population and Target Population

When the population and sample distributions are equal, what do we call the sample?
Answer: More Representative

 

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Instructional Objectives MCQs – 100 Practice Questions for Head Teacher & Education Jobs

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Introduction

Are you preparing for a Head Teacher or education job exam? These Instructional Objectives MCQs cover Bloom’s Taxonomy, learning outcomes, and core curriculum concepts to help you succeed in PPSC, FPSC, and other tests.

Instructional Objectives and Taxonomies

Which type of learning outcome must include action verbs?
👉 Instructional objectives

How are instructional objectives further categorized?
👉 Unit or specific objectives

What are the objectives of a chapter, unit, or section of a subject called?
👉 Unit objectives (general objectives)

What is another name for unit objectives?
👉 General objectives

What do learners know and do after completing a chapter?
👉 Unit objectives

What do learners know and do after completing a specific topic?
👉 Specific objectives

What are the objectives related to each topic called?
👉 Specific objectives

Which term describes a broad statement that reflects the ultimate aim of an educational program?
👉 Goal

What do general objectives describe in an educational setting?
👉 The purpose of a specific unit or school level such as elementary, middle, or high school

What type of objective focuses on action-oriented, learner-centered outcomes involving behavior change?
👉 Behavioral objectives (also known as learning objectives)

What does the acronym SMART stand for in behavioral objectives?
👉 Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-bound

Which taxonomies help in formulating educational objectives?
👉 Bloom’s Taxonomy and SOLO Taxonomy

How many major objectives are outlined in the National Educational Curricula (2006 and SNC 2020)?
👉 Four

What do strands or competencies indicate in the curriculum?
👉 Key learning areas

What do standards describe in relation to strands?
👉 What students should know and be able to do

What does a benchmark provide in educational standards?
👉 Detailed expectations at appropriate developmental levels (e.g., grades 1–3, 4–5, etc.)

What are Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs) based on?
👉 Benchmarks for each topic of a subject

Which four criteria should instructional objectives meet, according to Linn, Miller, and Ground?
👉 Completeness, Appropriateness, Soundness, Feasibility

What does completeness refer to in instructional objectives?
👉 Inclusion of all important outcomes

What does appropriateness ensure in instructional objectives?
👉 Outcomes align with school goals

What does soundness evaluate in instructional objectives?
👉 Consistency with principles of learning

What does feasibility assess in instructional objectives?
👉 Realism of the outcomes

What structure does Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives follow?
👉 Hierarchical

What does the term “domains” refer to in Bloom’s Taxonomy?
👉 Fields of knowledge

How many domains does Bloom’s Taxonomy consist of?
👉 Three

 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Domains, Levels, and Key Concepts 

Which three domains form the foundation of Bloom’s Taxonomy?
👉 Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor

Which domain focuses on knowledge, mind, and intellect?
👉 Cognitive domain

Which domain is related to attitude, feelings, values, and behavior?
👉 Affective domain

Which domain deals with skills, physical performance, and manipulation?
👉 Psychomotor domain

Who classified the cognitive domain, and how many levels does it include?
👉 Dr. Benjamin Bloom (1956); six levels: Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis, Evaluation (KCAASE)

Who classified the affective domain, and how many levels does it contain?
👉 David Krathwohl (1964); five levels: Attending/Receiving, Responding, Valuing, Organization, Characterization (ARVOC)

Who classified the psychomotor domain, and what are its seven levels?
👉 Simpson (1972); Perception, Set, Guided Response, Mechanism, Complex Overt Response, Adaptation, Origination (PSGMCAO)

Which cognitive level involves recalling previously learned material, and what are some active verbs used at this level?
👉 Knowledge; verbs include name, describe, relate, tell, find (e.g., define immunity?)

What does the comprehension level assess, and which active verbs are used?
👉 Understanding of material; verbs include discuss, outline, predict, explain (e.g., explain solar eclipse?)

Which cognitive level focuses on applying knowledge to new situations?
👉 Application; verbs include use, illustrate, complete, solve (e.g., how is a thermometer used?)

What does the analysis level measure, and what are its common verbs?
👉 Ability to break down material into components; verbs include identify, compare, explain, categorize (e.g., identify parts of the brain?)

What does synthesis enable a student to do, and what verbs describe it?
👉 Integrate different parts to create a whole; verbs include create, imagine, design, plan (e.g., draw brain structure?)

Which level is the highest in Bloom’s original taxonomy, and what verbs define it?
👉 Evaluation; verbs include judge, justify, decide, prioritize, rate (e.g., justify how ICT increases learning?)

Who revised the cognitive domain in 2001, and what was the title of the revision?
👉 Krathwohl and Anderson; “A Taxonomy for Teaching, Learning, and Assessment”

Which six levels does the revised taxonomy include?
👉 Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyze, Evaluate, Create

In Bloom’s version, which level appears last, and how does Anderson’s version differ?
👉 Bloom placed Evaluation last (6th), but Anderson placed Create (formerly Synthesis) as the final level

How are levels described in Bloom’s and Anderson’s versions?
👉 Bloom used nouns; Anderson used verbs

What does HOTS stand for, and which levels does it include?
👉 Higher Order Thinking Skills; includes Analysis, Synthesis, Evaluation

What does LOTS stand for, and which levels does it cover?
👉 Low Order Thinking Skills; includes Knowledge, Comprehension, Application

 

Which skill is considered the simplest in the cognitive domain?
👉 Remembering

Which is the lowest level in the cognitive domain of Bloom’s taxonomy?
👉 Knowledge

Which is the most complex level in Bloom’s original cognitive domain?
👉 Evaluation

According to Anderson’s revised taxonomy, which is the highest level?
👉 Create

Which level in the affective domain refers to a learner’s willingness to attend or receive information?
👉 Attending/Receiving

Which affective level involves active participation or response by the learner?
👉 Responding

 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Affective & Psychomotor Domains, Curriculum Criteria

Which level in the affective domain reflects a learner’s ability to value something and express it?
👉 Valuing

At which level do learners organize values and arrange them in order of priority to form a unique value system?
👉 Organization

Which is the highest level in the affective domain, where a learner fully adopts a value into their character?
👉 Characterization

Which is the lowest level of the psychomotor domain, where learners show a willingness to receive information?
👉 Perception

Which level of the psychomotor domain shows a learner’s readiness to act?
👉 Set

What is the early stage of skill acquisition where learners perform skills under teacher guidance called?
👉 Guided Response

At which level do students convert learned responses into habitual actions with confidence?
👉 Mechanis

What do we call the ability to perform complex movement patterns skillfully and confidently?
👉 Complex Overt Response

At what level can learners adapt their skills to meet special circumstances or situations?
👉 Adaptation

Which is the highest level of the psychomotor domain, where students create new movement patterns for specific tasks?
👉 Origination

What is another name for the psychomotor domain that emphasizes action and willpower?
👉 Conative domain

Which is considered the most complex skill in Bloom’s taxonomy?
👉 Originating

What type of events help students improve their comprehension and application skills?
👉 Exhibition of Science Fairs

If a student translates an English paragraph into Urdu, which cognitive level does it represent?
👉 Comprehension

Which cognitive level is assessed when a student elaborates on Newton’s First Law with examples?
👉 Comprehension

What does transferring information from one situation to another demonstrate?
👉 Application

Which teaching method should be used when a topic contains a large amount of information?
👉 Lecture method

What do we call the skill level where students build abstract knowledge from experience?
👉 Characterizing

Which domain of learning focuses on emotions and feelings?
👉 Affective domain

Which teaching models are designed to help achieve social goals related to the affective domain?
👉 Social Interaction Models

Which domain involves knowledge, and which involves values or manner?
👉 Cognitive domain involves knowledge; Affective domain involves manner

What is the highest level of learning in the affective domain?
👉 Characterization

Which objective reflects the affective domain when a student values honesty?
👉 Student values honesty

In the psychomotor domain, what do we call actions performed with confidence and without hesitation?
👉 Complex Overt Response

Which curriculum content criteria must be satisfied according to Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives and motor skills?
👉 Validity, significance, interest, ability, balance, breadth, and depth (All)

🎯 MCQs on Psychomotor Domain, Taxonomies, and National Assessments

Which domain deals with practical and manipulative skills?
👉 Psychomotor domain

At which level of the psychomotor domain does a student perform a skill independently?
👉 Articulation

Which activity is an example of a psychomotor domain task?
👉 How to hit a golf ball

Who classified the psychomotor domain into five sublevels in 1970?
👉 Dave

What is the first (lowest) level in Dave’s psychomotor taxonomy, where learners imitate others?
👉 Imitation

Which level describes a learner performing actions from memory or by following directions?
👉 Manipulation

What is the level where a learner’s performance becomes more accurate and exact?
👉 Precision

At which level can learners harmoniously perform several skills together?
👉 Articulation

Which is the highest level in Dave’s taxonomy, where performance becomes natural and automatic?
👉 Naturalization

Which educator developed another taxonomy of the psychomotor domain in 1972?
👉 Anita Harrow

What are automatic reactions that occur without learning called in Anita Harrow’s taxonomy?
👉 Reflex Movements

What are basic movement patterns formed by combining reflexes, serving as a foundation for skilled movements?
👉 Fundamental Movements

What do perceptual abilities help a learner do in response to various stimuli?
👉 Make adjustments to the environment

Which abilities require endurance, strength, vigor, and agility for a well-functioning body?
👉 Physical abilities

What is the result of efficient performance of complex tasks called?
👉 Skilled movements

What is the final level in Anita Harrow’s taxonomy, involving communication through posture, gestures, or facial expressions?
👉 Non-discursive communication

 

🏛️ MCQs on Bloom’s Taxonomy in Curriculum and National Assessment Systems

What are the main uses of Bloom’s taxonomy in education?
👉 Map curriculum, frame lessons, and design valid assessments (All)

Which is the only institute working at federal and provincial levels in Pakistan for assessment?
👉 National Education Assessment System (NEAS)

What is the main objective of NEAS and PEAS in Pakistan?
👉 To monitor assessments at the elementary level

In which year was NEAS established?
👉 2003

Which organizations funded the establishment of NEAS?
👉 World Bank and DFID (UK) under the Sector Reform Action Plan

What are the provincial sub-centers of NEAS called?
👉 Provincial Education Assessment Centers (PEACEs) — Punjab, Sindh, KPK, Balochistan

Which areas are covered by Area Education Assessment Centers (AEACEs) under NEAS?
👉 AJK, ex-FATA, FANA

Which grades and subjects are assessed every four years under NEAS large-scale assessments?
👉 Grades 4 and 8 — subjects include Math, Language, Science, Social Studies

What do we call a student’s written work designed to demonstrate their literary or linguistic knowledge?
👉 Compositions

 

Instructional Objectives MCQs – 100 Practice Questions for Head Teacher & Education Jobs Read More »

100 Solved MCQs on Educational Assessment and Instructional Objectives

Leave a Comment / MCQS, MCQS from past paper, Pedagogy, Uncategorized /

 Educational Software & Evaluation Phases

What does SPSS stand for, and what is it used for?
Answer: Statistical Package for Social Sciences – most widely used software for quantitative research

What is NVivo, and what type of research uses it?
Answer: A widely used qualitative data analysis (QDA) software

How many phases are there in evaluation?
Answer: 3 phases

What does the Planning Phase in evaluation involve?
Answer: It relates to setting objectives and selecting tests

What happens during the Process Phase?
Answer: Evaluation is conducted in this phase

What does the Product Phase include?
Answer: Test analysis, scoring, and interpretation of results

Types and Approaches to Assessment

What are the three main approaches to assessment?
Answer: Assessment for learning, assessment as learning, assessment of learning

Which assessment is done before or during lessons to improve teaching, monitor learning, and provide feedback?
Answer: Assessment for Learning

What types of assessments fall under Assessment for Learning?
Answer: Placement, formative, and diagnostic assessments

What type of assessment involves students or peers evaluating their own work to monitor progress and give feedback?
Answer: Assessment as Learning
Example: Ipsative assessments, self-assessments, peer assessments

What kind of assessment takes place after instruction to measure performance or achievement?
Answer: Assessment of Learning
Example: Exams, portfolios, NRT, CRT

Purpose-Based Assessments

 

What is the main purpose of classroom testing?
Answer: To improve instruction

What is the main purpose of educational assessment?
Answer: To find students’ achievements

What type of assessment is used to place students into a course or program?
Answer: Placement Assessments

Which standardized tests are examples of placement assessments?
Answer: GAT, MCAT, ECAT, CSS, PMS

What test measures prior knowledge and links it to new learning?
Answer: Readiness Test

What is a test conducted before instruction to assess prior knowledge or preparation?
Answer: Pre-Test

What are other names for a Pre-Test?
Answer: Pre-assessment and baseline assessment

What does an Ipsative Assessment measure?
Answer: A student’s performance against their own previous performance

What does CATs stand for in assessment?
Answer: Classroom Assessment Techniques

🧪 Classroom Assessment Techniques (CATs)

How do CATs help teachers?
Answer: They help teachers find out what students are learning and how well, to provide feedback and improve instruction

What did Tanner and Allen (2004) describe about classroom assessment?
Answer: The iterative nature of classroom assessment as a cycle

What are the four components of the classroom assessment cycle?
Answer: Asking questions, collecting assessment data, analyzing student understanding, making instructional choices

What is a Minute Paper?
Answer: A short response where students identify the most significant things learned from a lecture, discussion, or assignment

What is a Muddiest Point activity?
Answer: Similar to the Minute Paper, but students identify the most confusing point in the session

What are Problem Recognition Tasks?
Answer: Tasks where students name which methods best fit specific problems, without solving them

What are Documented Problem Solutions?
Answer: Students write down all steps to solve a problem, explaining each step

What is a Concept Map used for in assessment?
Answer: To analyze and synthesize ideas from readings or discussions

What is an Application Card activity?
Answer: Students write one possible real-world application of a principle, theory, or procedure

🗂️ Portfolio Assessments

What is a portfolio in assessment?
Answer: An authentic form of assessment from students’ work

What domains does a portfolio measure?
Answer: Cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains

What is a Process or Working Portfolio?
Answer: A collection of students’ day-to-day work

What is a Showcase Portfolio?
Answer: A collection of a student’s best work for assessment

Assessment Types: Formal, Informal, Verbal, Non-Verbal

What is a Formal Assessment?
Answer: Systematic, pre-planned, data-based tests measuring what and how well students have learned

What is an Informal Assessment?
Answer: Spontaneous assessments used in daily classroom activities to measure performance and progress

What is required in a Verbal Assessment?
Answer: Use of language to solve problems, read, or write

What is a Non-Verbal Assessment?
Answer: Problem-solving using pictures and diagrams, usually for illiterates

How many types of tests are there based on structure?
Answer: Two – by method and by type

What are the two types of tests by method?
Answer: Subjective and Objective

Into what two categories are Subjective tests divided?
Answer: Extended response and restricted response

🧠Objective vs. Subjective Tests

What are the two subtypes of Objective tests?
Answer: Supply type and Selection type

What are the two subtypes of Supply-type tests?
Answer: Fill in the blanks and Short Answer Questions (SAQs)

What types of questions fall under Selection-type tests?
Answer: MCQs, True-False, Column matching, Drag & Drop questions (All)

What are the two types of tests based on purpose?
Answer: Standardized and Non-standardized

What kind of assessment requires students to give more than one correct answer or use multiple methods to reach a single answer?
Answer: Subjective Assessment

What are key characteristics of Subjective Assessment?
Answer: Divergent, difficult to score, examiner bias possible

What kind of learning outcomes do Subjective Assessments measure?
Answer: Complex learning outcomes

✍️ Essay-Type Questions: Extended vs. Restricted

What type of test allows students to present their ideas in a coherent and logical way?
Answer: Extended Response Question

What are students required to do in Supply-type tests?
Answer: Provide their own responses

What are students required to do in Selection-type tests?
Answer: Choose answers from given options

What can students demonstrate in Extended Response type questions?
Answer: Ability to recall factual knowledge, evaluate, and organize ideas (All)

Which essay question type provides more flexibility to students?
Answer: Extended Response Question

What skill is assessed through Extended Response questions?
Answer: Ability to respond to complex situations

What kind of question limits students in form and scope of their answers?
Answer: Restricted Response

In which type of essay question is content limited?
Answer: Restricted Response Question

What does an Extended Response question allow students to demonstrate?
Answer: Ability to select, organize, integrate, and evaluate ideas

How are Essay-type items classified?
Answer: Extended Response and Restricted Response Questions

What does frequency refer to in assessment terms?
Answer: Number of occurrences of something

What is emphasized in Extended Response items?
Answer: Integration and application of high-level skills

What kind of topics are assessed using Restricted Response Tests?
Answer: Topics with limited scope

🧾 Question Types & Test Formats

What are the two types of essay-type questions?
Answer: Restricted Response and Extended Response Question

What kind of test item asks students to select the correct or best answer?
Answer: Objective Type Questions

What are the main characteristics of objective-type questions?
Answer: Reliability, adequacy, and objectivity

What kind of questions are included in objective tests?
Answer: A large number of items

What are other names for Extended Response questions?
Answer: Open-ended or Constructive Questions

What are other names for Restricted Response questions?
Answer: Close-ended Questions

What are Restricted Response questions like?
Answer: Contents are limited/specific, subjective but not essay-type

What kind of assessment requires students to choose one correct answer from given options?
Answer: Objective Tests

What are features of Objective Tests?
Answer: Convergent, easy to score, no examiner bias, MCQs are most common, cannot measure complex learning outcomes

What is a Combine Test?
Answer: A test that includes both subjective and objective questions

 Scoring, Passing Criteria, and Instruction Methods

What is the best way to reduce guessing in tests?
Answer: Supply Tests

What do we call questions that seek confirmation of something?
Answer: Tag-Questions

Which test items are easiest to score?
Answer: True/False (Right/Wrong, Correct/Incorrect), followed by MCQs

Which test items are the most difficult to score?
Answer: Essay-type Questions (Subjective Questions)

What are the passing marks in the annual system?
Answer: 33%

What are the passing marks for semester systems (Graduation & Master level)?
Answer: 40%

What are the passing marks for semester systems at the M.Phil. level?
Answer: 50%

What is another name for Individual Instruction Method?
Answer: Differentiated Instructions

What is the Group Differentiated Method equivalent to?
Answer: Whole Group Instruction Method

What strategy did Edward De Bono introduce to help students analyze the reasons behind actions, and what does AGO stand for?
Answer: AGO – Aims, Goals, Objectives

Instructional Objectives, Aims, and Educational Goals

What are the goals that are achievable in the classroom called?
Answer: Objectives

What is the nature of the aim-setting process?
Answer: It is long-term

What do you aim to achieve at the end of instruction?
Answer: Objectives

How do aims differ from objectives in scope?
Answer: Aims are broader; objectives are narrower

What are the intended outcomes of any program or activity called?
Answer: Objectives

What are aims typically aligned with?
Answer: National expectations

What kind of statement is “To promote science and technology”?
Answer: Aim

What level of expectation do goals represent?
Answer: Subject level

What kind of statement is “To impart computer education”?
Answer: Goal

What kind of expectations do goals represent in education?
Answer: Educational stage, institutional, or subject-level expectations

At what level are objectives expected to be achieved?
Answer: Classroom level

What type of statement is “To identify the parts of the computer”?
Answer: Objective

Cognitive Domain & Educational Planning

What does the command “State the first law of motion” indicate in Bloom’s Taxonomy?
Answer: Knowledge

What are the expected life outcomes from education called?
Answer: Aims of Education

What should institutional planning be based on?
Answer: Aims and Needs

What are expected instructional results that are observable and measurable called?
Answer: Objectives

What are objectives also referred to as?
Answer: Students Learning Outcomes (SLOs)

What are the two categories of objectives?
Answer: Instructional or Behavioral

What is another name for instructional objectives?
Answer: Educational Objectives

What question do instructional objectives answer?
Answer: What to assess
Bonus detail: These are content/teacher-centered

100 Solved MCQs on Educational Assessment and Instructional Objectives Read More »

Comprehensive MCQs for Educators: Assessment, Evaluation, Curriculum & Reforms

Leave a Comment / MCQS, MCQS from past paper, Pedagogy /
  1.  Test and Item Assessment
  2. What involves taking all the necessary measures to evaluate whether a test is valid, reliable, and balanced?
    Answer: Validity, reliability, objectivity, and usability of test – Test Assessment
  3. What involves analyzing each test item to see whether it meets specific objectives, is easy or hard, and distinguishes between high and low achievers?
    Answer: Item Assessment (also called Item Analysis)
  4. What is the general term used for a question, problem, choices, correct answer, scoring, and outcomes in a test?
    Answer: Item
  5. What system helps maintain, store, and classify test items for easy review, development, and test assembly?
    Answer: Item Bank
  6. What is the collection of items from which test questions are selected during development?
    Answer: Item Pool
  7. What test determines whether the questions meet the objectives of the test?
    Answer: Item Analysis
  8. What are the three key aspects that Item Analysis evaluates?
    Answer: Level of difficulty, discrimination, and effectiveness of distractors
  9. What is the formula for the Facility Index (FI)?
    Answer: FI = (NR / NT) × 100
  10. What are other names for item difficulty?
    Answer: Difficulty Level or Facility Index
  11. When is a test item considered acceptable based on facility index?
    Answer: When its value is between 30% and 70%
  12. When is a test item considered very easy?
    Answer: When the facility index is above 70%
  13. When is a test item considered very difficult?
    Answer: When the facility index is below 30%
  14. What is the best value for Facility Index (FI)?
    Answer: 50%
  15. In a norm-referenced test, which item is considered best?
    Answer: The one with difficulty near 50
  16. Among the following values, which one is more acceptable for facility index: 45%, 51%, 67%, 40%?
    Answer: 51%
  17. What helps to distinguish between high and low achievers in a test?
    Answer: Discrimination Power
  18. What is the formula for Discrimination Power?
    Answer: D = (NH – NL) / N
  19. When is the discrimination power of a test item considered acceptable?
    Answer: When its value ranges from 0.30 to 1
  20. When does a test item achieve 100% discrimination?
    Answer: When its discrimination value is 1
  21. When can a test item not distinguish between high and low achievers?
    Answer: When its discrimination value is below 0.30
  22.  Item Difficulty, Discrimination & Analysis Techniques
  23. What does a facility index of less than 0.20 indicate?
    Answer: Item is difficult
  24. What does a discrimination value higher than 0.4 indicate?
    Answer: Item is acceptable
  25. What type of distractor is considered strong or good?
    Answer: One that attracts low achievers more than high achievers
  26. What defines a poor or bad distractor?
    Answer: One that attracts high achievers more than low, does not attract anyone, or attracts both equally – All
  27. What do we call a number that is not very close to the mean?
    Answer: Outlier
  28. What ensures that test items fulfill the test’s objectives?
    Answer: Item Analysis
  29. Which factors significantly influence test and item difficulty?
    Answer: Item type, item format, students’ reading level – All
  30. For which type of tests is item difficulty analysis not suitable?
    Answer: Personality tests
  31. What does the facility index of an item help determine?
    Answer: Ease or difficulty level
  32. What is the quality of a test called when its scoring remains unaffected by any external factor?
    Answer: Objectivity
  33. Test Quality Indicators & Scoring Concepts
  34. What do we call a test’s quality when it gives consistent scores on different occasions?
    Answer: Reliability
  35. What is the term used when the test has a sufficiently large sample of questions?
    Answer: Adequacy
  36. What is the test quality called when it ensures ease of time, cost, administration, and interpretation?
    Answer: Usability
  37. What does cognitive development refer to?
    Answer: Mental development
  38. Who discriminated personality characteristics?
    Answer: Gordon
  39. 🧠 Standard-Setting Methods & Theorie
  40. What is the Angoff Method?
    Answer: A judgmental approach where subject-matter experts estimate how a low-scoring, borderline student would answer correctly and achieve qualifying marks
  41. What is the Nedelsky Approach designed for?
    Answer: MCQs – Judges decide how many distractors a low-scoring/minimally competent student would recognize as incorrect
  42. How does the Bookmark Procedure work in test design?
    Answer: Items are arranged by increasing difficulty; experts mark cut points (bookmarks) for different levels like basic, proficient, and advanced – designed for CRT
  43. What is the basic idea behind the Borderline-Group Method?
    Answer: The passing score should match the score achieved by a typical borderline test taker
  44. In IRT, what does calibration of a test item define?
    Answer: Difficulty level
  45.  Measurement Theories & Scoring Method
  46. What is another name for Item Response Theory (IRT) by Lord & Novick?
    Answer: Latent Response Theory
  47. What does Item Response Theory (IRT) explain?
    Answer: It explains the relationship between a student’s response to test items. Each response is independent, and it assesses a person’s ability based on latent (unobservable) traits.
  48. What is Classical Test Theory (CTT) by Spearman based on?
    Answer: The assumption that all test items measure the same concept; it focuses on the overall test score.
  49. What is the formula for a test score according to CTT?
    Answer: Test score = True score + Errors
  50. What do both IRT and CTT allow educators to predict?
    Answer: Item difficulty and the ability of test takers
  51. What does Generalizability Theory by Cronbach describe?
    Answer: A framework for conceptualizing, investigating, and designing reliable observations
  52.  Grading and Rubrics
  53. What is the score a student receives in a paper called?
    Answer: Grade/Marks
  54. What do we call the process of assigning grades?
    Answer: Grading
  55. What kind of rubric requires a list of major elements that students must include in their ideal answer?
    Answer: Analytical Scoring Rubrics
  56. Which rubric is used for restricted-response essay questions?
    Answer: Analytical Scoring Rubrics
  57. What type of rubric evaluates the overall quality of a student’s response in extended essay questions?
    Answer: Holistic Scoring Rubrics
  58. What does a hyper general rubric include?
    Answer: Excessively general scoring that can apply to many assignments without being specific
  59. What is a task-specific rubric?
    Answer: A rubric designed to score a particular task, like Nazra rubrics
  60. What type of rubric focuses on practical skills?
    Answer: Practical work rubrics
  61. 🧮 Grading Systems
  62. What is Norm-Referenced Grading?
    Answer: Grading a student in comparison to classmates
  63. What is Criterion-Referenced Grading?
    Answer: Grading a student based on a set of predefined criteria
  64. What does Percentile Rank indicate?
    Answer: A student’s relative position within a group, based on the percentage of students who scored lower
  65. What does Normal Curve Grading show?
    Answer: A standardized score showing the student’s position within a group—similar to percentile rank
  66. What is Absolute Grading?
    Answer: A system where grading criteria are fixed and predetermined. All students can pass or receive an A grade (e.g., >80% = Grade A)
  67. What is Relative Grading?
    Answer: Grades are assigned based on the student’s performance relative to classmates; only a few students may receive top grades
  68.  Educational Boards & Institutions in Pakistan
  69. When was the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) Lahore established?
    Answer: 1954
  70. Who conducted matric and intermediate exams before BISE Lahore was established?
    Answer: Punjab University
  71. What is the current structure of BISE in Punjab?
    Answer: Now, every division in the province has its own BISE, including Lahore.
  72. Who conducts matric and inter exams for Islamabad Capital Territory, Gilgit-Baltistan, and overseas Pakistanis?
    Answer: Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education
  73. Who conducts exams for polytechnic and vocational degrees like B.Com, DAE, etc.?
    Answer: Board of Technical Education (Now part of TEVTA)
  74. What does Punjab Examination Commission (PEC) assess?
    Answer: Grade 5 and 8 students (now provides items for school-based assessments from grade 1 to 8)
  75. In which year was PEC established?
    Answer: 2006
  76. Who organized examinations before PEC was created?
    Answer: Director Public Instructions (DPI)
  77. Assessment Surveys and Agencies
  78. What is ASER (Annual Status of Education Report) 2008?
    Answer: The largest annual survey of rural children
  79. What is the coverage of ASER 2008?
    Answer: It is a private agency that works in 144 rural districts for children aged 5 to 16
  80. On what competencies does ASER 2008 focus?
    Answer: Literacy and numeracy at grade 2 and 3 levels
  81. What is TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study)?
    Answer: A U.S.-based agency that assesses students at grades 4 and 8 every four years since 1995
  82. When did Pakistan participate in TIMSS, and who sponsors it?
    Answer: Pakistan participated in 2019; sponsored by IEA – compares U.S. student achievement with other countries
  83. What is READ (Russian Education Aid for Development) 2008?
    Answer: A project executed by the World Bank and supported by Russia to improve education quality and measure outcomes
  84. What is SABER (System Approach for Better Education Results) 2011?
    Answer: A World Bank project assessing education policies and systems in both developed and developing countries
  85. What is the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), and when was it established?
    Answer: An international body established in 1958 in the Netherlands
  86. What does PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) test?
    Answer: General competency in reading, math, science, and literacy – All
  87. What does PIRLS stand for?
    Answer: Progress in International Reading Literacy Study
  88. When and under which policy was the National Testing Service (NTS) established?
    Answer: Established in July 2002 under the National Education Policy (NEP) 1998
  89. Where are the major assessment training centers in Pakistan located?
    Answer: Director IER–University of the Punjab, Lahore and Director Federal College of Education, H-9 Islamabad
  90.  Curriculum Planning & Educational Approaches
  91. What is a written overview of the entire curriculum called?
    Answer: Block plan
  92. What do we call a written plan that outlines every action needed to meet program goals?
    Answer: Lesson plan
  93. Which curriculum remains flexible and adapts to the learners’ changing needs and interests?
    Answer: Emergent curriculum
  94. What do we call a curriculum whose effectiveness has been evaluated?
    Answer: Validated curriculum
  95. What serves as a guide for designing or selecting a curriculum?
    Answer: Curriculum framework
  96. As children grow, what curriculum model reflects their expanding interests?
    Answer: Spiral curriculum
  97. What term refers to the faithful implementation of a curriculum model?
    Answer: Fidelity
  98. What are the expected learning outcomes for students called?
    Answer: Learning standards
  99. What approach organizes and engages learners in an in-depth investigation of a topic?
    Answer: Project approach
  100. What principle is followed when curriculum content is repeated vertically across grades?
    Answer: Continuity
  101. 🧑‍🏫 School Structure, Laws & Initiatives in Pakistan
  102. What is the most important factor for a teacher to focus on in school?
    Answer: Learner
  103. How is the secondary-level curriculum in Pakistan structured?
    Answer: Diversified into two groups – Science Group and Arts (General) Group
  104. How many working weeks are there at the primary and secondary levels in Pakistan?
    Answer: 35
  105. When was the study of the Quran made compulsory in schools?
    Answer: 2018, under the Nazra Act 2018
  106. What does TALEEM stand for in the context of educational transformation?
    Answer: Transformation in Access, Learning, Equity and Education Management
  107. Which project, approved by GPE in 2020, targets multiple education departments in Punjab?
    Answer: TALEEM Project Punjab
  108. What does GPE stand for?
    Answer: Global Partnership for Education
  109. What is futurology?
    Answer: A social science field that studies current trends to forecast future developments
  110. What is the duration and goal of the TALEEM Project (Punjab), and who is the grant agent?
    Answer: 5 years (2021–2026); aims to improve access to inclusive quality education and increase enrollment of children aged 5–9. Grant agent: UNICEF
  111. What is Wait Time in classroom teaching?
    Answer: The time (3–5 seconds) a teacher waits after asking a question to improve the quality of student responses

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PEDAGOGY MCQS with Answer FOR PPSC, FPSC, Headmaster, SST, PST and Teacher Exam Preparation

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These are very important MCQS for Head Teacher Exam Preparation

  1. UNESCO pillars/foundations of education or Curriculum are04
  2. The four pillars of education for the 21stcentury that Jacques Delores (2001) refers to UNESCO, in the form of a report, Learning to know, Learning to do, Learning to live and, Learning to be.
  3. 3 I of Curriculum areIntent, Implementation, Impact
  4. Intent means goals
  5. Implementation(how we do it- teaching strategies that we use in the classroom )
  6. Impact(difference after implementation- the development of our children)
  7. There10 sub goals of Sustainable developmental goal-4 SDG-4
  8. SDG 4.1Quality primary and secondary education for all
  9. SDG 4.2ECE and Pre-Primary Education
  10. SDG 4.3Equal access to TVET and Higher education
  11. SDG 4.4Skill for work
  12. SDG 4.5Gender equality and equal access for all
  13. SDG 4.6Youth and adult literacy
  14. SDG 4.7SDGs and citizenship
  15. SDG 4aSafe and inclusive learning environment
  16. SDG 4bScholarship for higher education
  17. SDG 4cProfessional development for teachers.
  18. Still 57 million children(primary age) are out of school (UNDP website)
  19. Material presented for consideration in discussion, thought, or study. Knowledge, skills, experiences, theories, presented in the description of course.Subject matter/Content
  20. Method of content selection where Content is selected by the judgment of curriculum developers or planner; success or failure depends upon planner. Judgmental Procedure
  21. Content is selected based on proper inquiry or experiment, selection by hypothesis development, testing, verification and Analysis of experience. Experimental Procedure
  22. It is the most widely used procedure for content selection. Analytical Procedure
  23. People’s activities are analyzed to know their functions, performance and based on analysis, content is selected.Analytical Procedure
  24. Collecting information by interviews, questionnaires, documentary analysis, observing the performance of people, it follows principle of utility. Analytical Procedure
  25. Principle of curriculum content organization is A.S.I.Crefers to Balance, Articulation, Sequence, Integration and Continuity.
  26. Components of organization of content involves Scope, Sequence, Integration
  27. Refers to actual amount of material incorporated into program. It has further two elements breadth & depth. Scope
  28. Breadth: range of material to be covered in a program
  29. Depth: amount of information that is to be provided on each item included
  30. It is order in which the content is to be presented.Sequence
  31. David Ausubel argued that content should be introduced in instructional sequence
  32. Gagne argued that it should be according to structure of content.
  33. Logical order of content means organization of content according to logical sequence.
  34. Vertical Organization: Relationship in subjects at different levels (classes), it follows principle of continuity.
  35. Horizontal Organization: Relationship in different subjects at the same level (class), It follows principle of integration.
  36. Integration Process of merging different subjects or parts of subjects through coordination
  37. Intra-Disciplinary: integration of subject within a particular field of knowledge
  38. Inter-Disciplinary: integration of subjects from different field of knowledge into a new curriculum,
  39. Traditional View of curriculum: it is a body of subject or subject matter prepared by teachers for students, a course of study or syllabus 
  40. Progressive View of curriculum The total learning experiences of the individual. This definition is based on john Dewey’s definition of experience and education
  41. Pilot Test: APilot test a test administrated to a representative sample of participants solely for the purpose of determining properties of test before its large-scale application.
  42. Survey Test:Method uses to gather information from sample of people in the form of questionnaire, written/online. A test used to measure many skills with few items
  43. Pre-Test: It is a test to check preparedness of students for further study or test before a real test usually given to assess what is already known.
  44. Qualitative assessment:Subjective based on concept, describe a process without quantifying it, collection of information from natural setting, observation, interview, case study
  45. Quantitative assessment:objective & based on measurement, quantification, which describe a phenomenon using quantities- tests, checklist, survey etc.
  46. Convergent Questions:Allows for only one correct answer-year of independence?
  47. Divergent Questions:Allows for many correct answer-reason of independence?
  48. Projective Techniques:Are Used to measure personality (detail in research chapter)
  49. Internal Exam:Test taken by institution where learner study
  50. External Exam:Test taken by outside body
  51. Oral Fluency Assessment:Informal assessment of reading to identify errors or problems of children in oral reading
  52. Oral Reading Assessment:An oral & silent reading test used to identify development of literacy level of children through oral retelling & reading inventory of individual reading.
  53. Need Assessment:Process of identifying needs & establishing relative priority of those needs
    1. Decision-making matrixis a method for assigning numerical values to criteria, and the extent to which alternatives satisfy
    2. When the teacher checks the students’ work using multiple sources of information, the task is called cross-checking
  54. Assessment plan:Document that outlines SLOs, assessment methods to attain each also, timeframe for collecting data & the individual responsible for collection/ review of data.
  55. Quantitative Variables:Variables in the numeric form e.g., age, height
  56. Qualitative Variables:Variables in the quality form e.g., gender
  57. A Reliable measurement is not always valid i.e., the results of test might be reproducible, but they’re not necessarily Correct
  58. A valid measurement is generally Reliable i.e., If a test produces accurate results, they might be reproducible
  59. Proactive Questions These are questions people ask to themselves
  60. Rhetorical Questionis one for which the questioner does not expect a direct answer
  61. Funnel Questions These are always a series of questions, question in sequence
  62. Inference questions Inference questions require learners to use inductive or deductive reasoning to eliminate responses or critically assess a statement
  63. Convergent Questionshaving only one correct answer i.e., objective question
  64. Divergent Question many correct answers for a single question,Subject question
  65. Polar Questions Yes/no questions are called Polar questions
  66. Tag-Questions Questions asked for confirmation of something.
  67. Retrospective Questionquestions get the students to reflect on the last learning
  68. Daniel Stufflebeam’s decision-oriented model to evaluate program and  identify strengths and limitations in content or delivery, to improve program effectiveness CIPP Model
  69. It consists of 4 components CIPP Model
  70. C- Context (Context “What needs to be done?”) Overall goals or mission
  71. I- Input (“How should it be done?”) The plans and resources
  72. P- Process (Process “Is it being done?”) Activities or components
  73. P- Product (“Did the project succeed?”) Outcomes or objectives
  74. Interdisciplinary or thematic curriculum are other names ofIntegrated curriculum
  75. Activity centered curriculum is considered
  76. The purpose of integrated curriculum is: Decrease in number of books
  77. The relationship of different concepts at one level is Horizontal organization
  78. Development of curriculum at higher level and its application at different level is
  79. After partition University of Punjab played a role in developing school curriculum
  80. National bureau of curriculum and textbook(curriculum wing) established in February 1967.
  81. The main functions of the curriculum bureau included the need for integration, coordination of the work of the provinces and setting standards of education.
  82. The national bureau of curriculum and textbooks was supported by the provincial bureausof curriculum, textbook boards, and other related institutions
  83. In Punjab: Punjab curriculum and textbook board (PCTB) [formerly Punjab curriculum authority (PCA), Punjab textbook board PTB)
  84. In Sindh: Bureau of curriculum and extension wing (BCEW)
  85. In KPK: Directorate of curriculum and teacher education (DCTE)
  86. In Baluchistan: Bureau of curriculum and extension center Baluchistan (BCEC)
  87. In ISB, GB, AJK: Curriculum wing is responsible for the develop curriculum for these areas.
  88. It is a joint function of federal and provincial governments. The concurrent legislative list contains subjects like policy, planning, curriculum, syllabus, standards of education and Islamic education Concurrent legislative list 1973
  89. The ‘federal supervision of curricula, textbooks and maintenance of standards of education act, 1976’empowered federal ministry of education [MOE] to supervise the educational matters present on the concurrent list.
  90. In 18th amendment in the constitution 2010the concurrent legislative list was abolished Education is now the sole responsibility of the provinces including curriculum,
  91. Article 25-A was also introduced in 18th amendment in the constitution 2010
  92. Word ‘Khatam un Nabiyeen’ ﷺapproved in Senate of Pakistan on June 24,2020, It is must to write word ‘Khatam un Nabiyeen’ ﷺ with the name of Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (ﷺ) in all official and unofficial documents
  93. Fiscal year in Pakistan its duration is 01 July-30 June
  94. Academic year in Punjab its duration is 01Apri-31 March(Due to COVID-19  it was disturbed from 2020 to 2022 and it was from 01 August to 30 June)
  95. Educational Census year in Punjab its duration is 01November-31 October
  96. Dividing various subjects into department isdepartmentalization
  97. Planned learning experiences with specific goalsDirect learning experience

100-Un-planned learning experiences without specific goals Indirect learning experience

 

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PEDAGOGY MCQS with Answer FOR PPSC, FPSC, Headmaster, SST, PST

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  • Planning:forecast for organization’s future supply & demand for employees
  • Recruitment:finding & attracting capable recruits for employment
  • Selection:series of steps to decide which candidates should be hired
  • Placement:offering or assigning a candidate a new or different job
  • Orientation:making familiar the new employee with rules, policies, employee & organization.
  • Training:capacity building or teaching about how to perform current duties
  • Development: preparation for future responsibilities
  • Appraisal:a formal assessment, typically in an interview, of the performance of an employee over a particular period.
  • Compensation:pay, social security, safe working condition,
  • Compensation has two types direct (salary) & indirect (insurances, vacations)
  • There are 02 ChannelsInternal & External  
  • Recruitment of already working employees to different job via transfer,  promotion or demotion is called Internal Recruitment
  • Transfer: moving of individual from one job to another job which is relative in pay, level & responsibility. Movement from one station(school) to other.
  • Promotion: when an employee is moved from one job to another which is higher in pay. It is always seniority and or merit based.
  • Demotion:when an employee is moved from one job to another which is lower in pay
  • Job Rotation:process of moving an employee from on job to other in same department new experience & skills are learned e.g., Senior headmaster to Deputy DEO.
  • External Recruitment Direct recruitment from outside individuals.
  • Walk-in:when an outside candidate arrived at organization in search of employment
  • Write-in:when an outside candidate sends resume or written inquiry to organization in search of employment
  • Resume/CV(curriculum vitae)  A brief summary of personal and professional experiences, skills, and education history
  • First Step in External Recruitment(Selection Process) Receiving applications
  • Last Step in External Recruitment(Selection Process) Hiring decision 
  • Promotion is merit and seniority(Length of service) based
  • Types of placement are are 03 transfer,  promotion or demotion
  • The process of imparting knowledge, skills, values, or information to others Teaching
  • Teaching is the means where-by the experienced members of the group guide the immature and infant members in their adjustment of life Yoakam and Simpson
  • Activities that are designed and performed to produce change in behavior Clarke
  • Teaching is the stimulation, guidance, direction, and encouragement of learning Burton
  • The four Acesof effective teaching are Outcomes. Clarity, Engagement, and Enthusiasm
  • “Curriculum means all the organized courses activities & experiences which students have under the direction of school whether in the classroom or not “ Hilda Taba
  • Curriculum means all learning which is planned & guided by the school whether it is carried in groups or individually, inside or outside the school” F. Kerr
  • Curriculumfrom Latin word “Currere meaning runway/path”
  • “We love to work” is sign of Democratic Administration
  • Stimulus that produce no response is Neutral stimulus
  • Gradual disappearance of acquired response
  • Behavior modification is based on applied behavior analysis Behaviorist theory
  • Response evoked by unconditional stimulus US is unconditioned response
  • Stimulus evoke particular response is conditioned stimulusCS
  • “Curriculum means all of the learning of students which is planned & directed by the school to attain its educational goals” Ralph Tayler
  • “Curriculum is sum total of students activities, which school sponsors to achieve its objectives” Alberty A. Alberty, E
  • All the experiences a pupil has under the guidance of school” Blonds Encyclopedia
  • Curriculum is all experiences offered to learner under the direction of school”Doll
  • “Curriculum provides instructional material” Smith
  • “Curriculum is a tool in the hands of the artist (the teacher) to mold his material (the pupil) in accordance with his ideals in his studio (the school)”  Cunningham
  • Learning upon fundamental human activities Core curriculum.
  • Philosophy of experimentalism of Johan Deweygive core theory of curriculum.
  • Teaching basic task of a job about how to do their job is Job instruction Training(JIT)
  • Coachingis a process where experencies member train the new employees.
  • Training where real life situation is presented in artificial waySimulated training
  • List of no. of traits & range of performance for eachRating scale
  • Aword or statement describe employees performance Checklist
  • A descriptive statement from a pair is choosen to rate employeeForced choice Method
  • A statement that describe extrememly good/bad behavior Critical incident Method
  • Speech, publications, leadership fall under Accomplishment records
  • Principle of conduct about how to collect data is Ethics
  • Code of ethics is prepared by Administration
  • A sign of Yes/No a rater placed Descriptive scale
  • An individual rate himself in Cumulative Scale
  • Combination of synchronous and asynchronous learning isblended learning
  • Set of activities directed at attracting, recruiting, developing & maintaining effective workforce for attaining goals. Human Resource Management (HRM)
  • Human Resources management includes Recruitment, training, compensation of individualsAll
  • Roles of HRMPersonal, Organizational, Functional, Societal 
  • There are 02 Principles of teaching Psychological and General
  • The rules of presenting the content to make them easy are called Maxims of Teaching.
  • Easy to difficult, simple to complex, known to unknown areMaxims of teaching
  • Two types of groups Treatment & Control group are made in Experimental Research.

67- Control Group: Group which receive No treatment, (Independent variable is not applied)

68- Experimental Group: group which receive treatment, (Independent variable is applied)

69- Uncontrolled variables which are not manipulated by researcher Extraneous variables

70- It intervene between independent and dependent variable (fatigue) Intervening variables

71- Extraneous variables has two types Environmental variables, Subject variables

72- Environmental variables: they cause unwanted differences between groups e.g., leaning materials

73- Subject variables the variables due to which subjects in different groups (control & experimental group) might differ. It has two types Organismic & Intervening variables

74- Organismic variables:  effects of organism’s characteristics such as sex, age, and race

75- Intervening variables:  variables which intervene between independent and dependent variable such as fatigue, anxiety, and motivation.

76- Confounding Variable: It influences both the supposed cause (independent variable) and the supposed effect (dependent variable)

77- Relevant Variable:  relevant variables are related to at least one factor.

78- Irrelevant Variable: Irrelevant variables are not related to the factors.

79- Law of Single Variable: Given by J.S Mill It is stated as if two situations are alike Any difference produced is the result of elements added or removed..

  • Control group is characteristics of Experimental Research
  • Experimental group receive treatmentthat’s why it is also called Treatment group.
  • Division of sample into small groups (or experiment into sub experiments) Replication
  • Experiment determineCause and Effect Relation.
  • Random division of sample into control and experimental groupsRandomization
  • Most authentic source of knowledge is Revelation
  • Man-made authentic source of knowledge is Scientific research
  • Confidence level and Confidence interval are used to select sample.
  • Confidence interval (also called Margin of error) it is an estimated percentage of sample that responds.
  • Hypothesis is tentative solution of problem, a provisional guess not proved to be true
  • AProvisional theory to explain observed facts is known as: Hypothesis
  • Date is required from small interaction or groups Sociometric scale
  • Classical management theories focus on production &consider man as machine
  • Psychological principles, human relations are cared in Behavioral management theory
  • Which is not the characteristic of authoritative administration? Sharing
  • Authoritative administration is based on  Dictatorship
  • Democratic administration is based on  Mutual sharing
  • Laissez Faire administration is based on Non interference
  • Boss is always right is the feature of Authoritarian administration
  • Respect of opinion is the feature of  Democratic administration

100-Sense of responsibility is not cared in:  Laissez Faire administration

 

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