Psychology
234. Human beings are motivated primarily by social urges and therefore human motivation can be explained only in terms of a single drive or motive known as:
· (a) Hull’s Drive Reduction Theory
· (b) McDougall’s Theory of Instinct
· (c) Freud’s Psychoanalytical Theory
· (d) Adler’s Theory 
235. Clark Hull, through his drive reduction theory, emphasized that in the form of stimulation gives birth to a drive or motive which in turn produces motivation:
· (a) Need
· (b) Environment
· (c) Incentives
· (d) Reward
236. A form of communication based on a system of symbols is:
· (a) Rule
· (b) Image
· (c) Language
· (d) Phonology
237. The sound system of the language, including the sounds that are used and how they may be combined, is:
· (a) Language
· (b) Phonology
· (c) Morphology
· (d) Syntax
238. The unit of meaning involved in word formation is:
· (a) Semantics
· (b) Pragmatics
· (c) Phonology
· (d) Morphology
239. The way words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences is:
· (a) Syntax
· (b) Semantics
· (c) Pragmatics
· (d) Morphology
240. Semantic refers to the:
· (a) Meaning of words
· (b) Combination of words
· (c) Units of meaning
· (d) Use of language
241. The characteristics of language development at the age of 2 years:
· (a) Vocabulary rapidly increases
· (b) Use of past tense
· (c) Use of some prepositions
· (d) a, b, and c
242. The roles of training and experiences for shaping and modeling of behavior is emphasized in:
· (a) Cognitive approach
· (b) Behaviorist approach
· (c) Humanistic approach
· (d) Social learning approach
243. Gestalt is a German word which means:
· (a) Whole
· (b) Configuration
· (c) Total pattern
· (d) a, b, and c
244. Bandura’s social learning theory emphasized that most of what we learn is acquired through:
· (a) Observing
· (b) Experimenting
· (c) Imitating
· (d) a and c
245. Learning in which students construct an understanding on their own is:
· (a) Social learning
· (b) Discovery learning
· (c) Insight learning
· (d) Emotional learning
246. For which of the following is Wilhelm Wundt primarily known:
· (a) The establishment of the first formal laboratory for research in psychology
· (b) The distinction between mind and body as two separate entities
· (c) The discovery of how signals are conducted along nerves in the body
· (d) The development of the first formal program for training in psychotherapy
247. G. Stanley Hall is noteworthy in the history of psychology because he:
· (a) Established the first American research laboratory in Psychology.
· (b) Launched America’s first psychological journal.
· (c) Was the driving force behind the establishment of the American Psychological Association
· (d) Did all of the above
248. Which of the following approaches might William James criticize for examining a movie frame by frame instead of seeing the motion in the motion picture?
· (a) Structuralism
· (b) Functionalism
· (c) Dualism
· (d) Humanism
249. Fred, a tennis coach, insists that he can make any reasonably healthy individual into an internationally competitive tennis player. Fred is echoing the thoughts of:
· (a) Sigmund Freud
· (b) John B. Watson
· (c) Abraham Maslow
· (d) William James
250. Which of the following approaches might suggest that forgetting to pick his mother up at the airport was Henry’s unconscious way of saying that he did not welcome her visit?
· (a) Psychoanalytic
· (b) Behavioral
· (c) Humanistic
· (d) Cognitive
251. Which of the following is a statement with which Skinner’s followers would agree:
· (a) Most behavior is controlled by unconscious forces
· (b) The goal of behavior is self-actualization
· (c) Nature is more influential than nurture
· (d) Free will is an illusion
252. Which of the following approaches has the most optimistic view of human nature?
· (a) Humanism
· (b) Behaviorism
· (c) Psychoanalysis
· (d) Structuralism
253. The tendency to view one’s own group as superior to others and as the standard for judging the worth of foreign ways is known as:
· (a) Behaviorism
· (b) Ethnocentrism
· (c) Humanism
· (d) Functionalism
254. The study of the endocrine system and genetic mechanisms would most likely be undertaken by a:
· (a) Clinical psychologist
· (b) Physiological psychologist
· (c) Social psychologist
· (d) Educational psychologist
255. The fact that psychologists do not all agree about the nature and development of personality demonstrates:
· (a) That there are many ways of looking at the same phenomenon
· (b) The fundamental inability may simply be incomprehensible
· (c) The failure of psychologists to communicate with one another
· (d) The possibility that personality may simply be incomprehensible
256. A multifactorial causation approach to behavior suggests that:
· (a) Most behaviors can be explained best by single-cause explanations
· (b) Most behavior is governed by a complex network of interrelated factors
· (c) Data must be subjected to rigorous statistical analysis in order for them to make sense
· (d) Explanations of behavior tend to build up from the simple to the complex in a hierarchical manner
257. Psychology’s answer to the question of whether we are born or made tends to be:
· (a) We are born
· (b) We are made
· (c) We are both born and made
· (d) Neither
258. The reason the SQ3R method is effective is that:
· (a) It breaks a reading assignment down into manageable segments and requires understanding before you move on.
· (b) With this method, you only have to skim the reading assignment to pick out the main points.
· (c) It allows you to memorize and recite great quantities of material even if you don’t fully understand it.
· (d) It requires you to read and reread your text over and over.
259. Critical thinking skills:
· (a) Are abstract abilities that cannot be identified
· (b) Usually develop spontaneously through normal content
· (c) Usually develop spontaneously without any instruction
· (d) Need to be deliberately taught because they often do not develop by themselves with standard content instruction.
260. A neural impulse is initiated when a neuron’s charge momentarily becomes less negative, or even positive. This event is called:
· (a) An action potential
· (b) A resting potential
· (c) Impulse facilitation
· (d) Inhibitory
261. Neurons convey information about the strength of stimuli by varying:
· (a) The size of their action potentials
· (b) The speed of their action potentials
· (c) The rate at which they fire action potentials
· (d) All of the above
262. Alterations in activity at dopamine synapses have been implicated in the development of:
· (a) Anxiety
· (b) Schizophrenia
· (c) Alzheimer’s disease
· (d) Nicotine addiction
263. Jim just barely avoided a head-on collision on a narrow road. With heart pounding, hands shaking, and body perspiring, Jim recognizes that these are signs of the body’s fight-or-flight response, which is controlled by the:
· (a) Empathetic division of the peripheral nervous system
· (b) Parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
· (c) Somatic division of the peripheral nervous system
· (d) Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
264. The hindbrain consists of the:
· (a) Endocrine system and the limbic system
· (b) Reticular formation
· (c) Thalamus, the hypothalamus, and the cerebrum
· (d) Cerebellum, the medulla, and the pons
265. The thalamus can be characterized as:
· (a) A regulatory mechanism
· (b) The consciousness switch of the brain
· (c) A relay system
· (d) A bridge between the two cerebral hemispheres
266. The ……….. lobe is to hearing as the occipital lobe is to vision:
· (a) Frontal
· (b) Temporal
· (c) Parietal
· (d) Cerebellar
267. The scientist who won a Nobel prize for his work with split-brain patients is:
· (a) Walter Cannon
· (b) Paul Broca
· (c) Roger Sperry
· (d) James Olds
268. Sounds presented to the right ear are registered:
· (a) Only in the right hemisphere
· (b) Only in the left hemisphere
· (c) More quickly in the right hemisphere
· (d) More quickly in the left hemisphere
