- Aristotle wrote Peripsysche (1st book on psychology that’s why called father of psychology), Politic, Rhetoric, Physics.
- Lyceum of Aristotle wasPeripatetic School (moving school)
- Aristotle taught Philosophy, Rhetoric, Mathin “Lyceum”
- It is considered as base of present-day universities. Lyceum
- Aristotle used deductive methodsto find knowledge
- Aristotle Categorized Virtue into Moral, Intellectual, Social Categories
- Aristotle Promoted male education, considered woman inferior to man.
- “Happy man is an educated man and aim of education is to train people to reason” said byAristotle, “Sensory experience is the root of knowledge” said by Aristotle
- “Rationality, habits and nature make man good and virtuous” said byAristotle
- “Education is attainment of happiness and virtue lies in attainment of happiness” said by Aristotle
- Name of Schoolof Horace Mann was Common & Normal School
- Name of Schoolof Johan Dewey was Laboratory School
- Name of Schoolof Albert Garry S was Garry plan/Platoon System
- Name of Schoolof Helen Park Hurst was Dalton Plan
- Name of Schoolof Pestalozzi was Normal School
- Name of Schoolof Frobel was Kindergarten
- Allama Iqbal Open University(AIOU) was established in 21st May 1974,
- Allama Iqbal Open Universitywas established under Policy 1972.
- Old name of AIOU wasPeople Open University which was changed in 1977
- AIOU is located in sector H-8
- Mode of education of AIOU isNon-Formal (distance based)
- First largest distance based university inAsia and 2nd largest in world is AIOU
- First open university of the world isUK open university established in 1969,
- AIOU earnedUNESCO Noma award and Raja Roy Singh
- PEC started in 2005 for conduction of 5thand 8th grade exams.
- Only province which has commission for elementary level exam is Punjab (PEC)
- Assessment Policy Framework (APF) 2020 is new policy of
- PEC will Discontinue grade 5 & 8 population-based exam. According to APF-2020
- PEC will start Large scale assessment (LSA) (sample based), andSchool based assessment (SBA) Provide item bank from grade 1 to 8th For SBA APF-2020
- The National Professional Standards for Teachers(NPSTs) Developed by policy and planning wing ministry of education Pakistan in February 2009.
- 10 NPSTs were developed with technical support of UNESCO & financial aid of USAID under STEP project (strengthening teacher education in Pakistan.
- NPST 1: Subject Matter Knowledge
- NPST 2: Human Growth and Development
- NPST 3: Knowledge of Islamic Ethical Values
- NPST 4: Instructional Planning & Strategies
- NPST 5: Assessment
- NPST 6: Learning Environment
- NPST 7: Effective Communications & Use of ICT
- NPST 8: Collaboration and Partnership
- NPST 9: CPD (continuous professional development)& Code of Conduct
- NPST10: Teaching of ESL/ EFL (English as second language/English as foreign language)
- Each NPST is subdivided into 03 levels, the Knowledge(cognitive domain), Dispositions (affective domain), Performances (Psychomotor domain).
- Dividing/separating students according to their abilities is calledTracking.
- A teacher is self-critical in his teaching would be a reflective teacher.
- Schools, college, universities provide Formal education.
- AIOU and Virtual University provide Non-Formal education.
- Family, friends, mosques, market, media and internet provide In-Formal education.
- Horace Mann (1796-1859 America) is called Father ofModern American Education.
- Horace Mannestablished college called Normal school, for Teacher training.
- In Normal school capable teachers were promoted and unfit were eliminated.
- Horace Mannstarted Common school for students to provides free education
- On the art of teaching, Lectures on education are written by Horace Mann
- Johan Dewey born in 1859and died in 1952 in America.
- Dewey established Laboratory school at Chicago University in 1896.
- Dewey introducedproject method, learning by doing, activity methods.
- Dewey presentedProgressivism philosophy, and he is exponent of
- Dewey wanted to promote worldwide Democracy through his education system.
- Dewey‘s curriculum has 03levels Making & doing, space & time, science subjects.
- Democracy & education, Experience & education, Arts as experience, School and society, Reconstruction in philosophy are written by
- One of the pioneering elementary education is
- H. Pestalozzi born in 1746 and died in 1827in Switzerland
- H. Pestalozzi established Normal schoolfor teacher training at Burg-ford in 1799
- Pestalozzi’s Normal schoolfor teacher training closed in 1825.
- Helen Park Hurst (1883-1973 America)was Student of Maria Montessori
- Dalton School(Nursery to High School) was established by Helen Park Hurst
- Dalton School was a laboratory schoolestablished in 1919 in Newark.
- Dalton School where learner wereexperimenter. Is also called Children University.
- Helen Park Hurst recognized school into 3 parts Assignments, Laboratory, and House.
- Teacheroutlined weekly assignments in Dalton School.
- Student’s performance were shown by Maps/Graphs in Dalton School.
- Duration of conference in Dalton school was 25-45 Minutes.
- Laboratory was actually a classroom in Dalton School.
- Pestalozzi stressed on the training of Teachers.
- Learning by 3H(head, heart, hand) was given Pestalozzi
- 3H of Pestalozzi are similar to 3 domain of Bloom taxonomy
- Head (Cognition), Heart (Affective), Hand (Psychomotor).
- Pestalozzi is father of Vocational Training(education) and Modern Education
- Among the influences of the Pestalozzi and Herbert upon education should be listed the normal school as an Agency for training the teacher.
- Herbartianismis a pedagogical system of German educator Johann Friedrich Herbart
- Herbart presented Five formal stepsin lesson planning (teaching) Preparation, presentation, comparison & association, generalization, application in
- Father of lesson planning isHerbert
- Science of pedagogy, Outline of pedagogical theory are written by Herbart
- Two similar ideas mix together but two different combines together. Theory of Idea
- Theory of Idea was presented byHerbert
- Herbert Classified of mind classified into 3 parts knowing, feeling, willing
- Herbert divided Curriculum into 2 parts Historical and Scientific.
- Kindergarten is German word “kindergarten” which means “garden of children” founded by Frobel in 1837for age of 4-5 years
- Kindergarten included Gifts, Occupations, and
- Gifts were 10 symmetrical play materialreturned to original form after use like ball, boxes, and cubes.
- Occupations (activities) 12 flexible material which were not returned to original form after use clay, cutting paper, painting, drawing, weaving etc.
- Songs were poems and rhymes.
- Frobelis 1st philosopher to perceive significance of Socialization as basic principle of teaching.
- Fredrick Frobel was born in1782 and died in 1852 he was
- Play is engine of real learning, Learning unite knowing, feeling and doing., All the children have potential to learn are 03 famous saying of
- Pedagogues of kindergarten, Education of man are written by
- His religious believes form the bases of his philosophy
- Maria Montessorian Italian Physician/educationist born in 1870 and died in 1952
- 1stwoman doctor graduated from Rome University in 1896. Maria Montessori
- Dr, Maria saidChild born with mathematical mind as child keep things or classify things mannerly
100-Dr, Maria said from birth to 6-year child has absorbent mind