- Literacy Rate of Pakistan is 8%(male 73.4% female 51.9% & rural 54%, urban 77%)
- Literacy Rate of Punjab is 3%,Sindh 61.8% KPK 55.1 %, Baluchistan 54.5%
- Gross enrollment rate(GER) (at primary level): Pakistan 84% (Punjab 92%, Sindh 71% KPK 85%, Baluchistan 72%)
- Net enrollment rate(NER) (at primary level) Pakistan 64% (Punjab 70%, Sindh 55% KPK 66%, Baluchistan 56%
- Drop-out rate(at primary level) Pakistan 20% (Punjab 22%, Sindh 16% KPK 19%, Baluchistan 16%)
- Gross domestic product GDP-on education: In Fiscal year 2020-21 stood at 77%percent of GDP as compared to 2.3 % of GDP in FY-2019
- Most literate province of Pakistan is Punjab 3%, & least is Baluchistan 54.5%
- Pakistan is ranked 161thout of 192 countries with the human development index (HDI)
(Note this data is according to National Economic Survey Report 2022 for current data please read latest National Economic Survey Report/Census report)
- Literacy rate of Pakistan in 1947 (15%), 1951 (4%), 1961 (16.3%), 1972 (21%), 1981(26%), 1998 (43%), 2004 (54%), 2009 (57%), 2017 (58%), 2022 Current (62.8%)
- Pakistan has the second-lowestliteracy rate in South Asia after Afghanistan
- Highest literate city of Pakistan Islamabadwith 84 percent leads all districts
- Dropout at elementary level is almost 50%
- First Center of education for a child is Home
- 42% children attend private schools
- The distribution curve of a normal distributionis called a normal curve. Bell shaped
- In a normal distribution the Mean iszero and the Standard deviation is 1.
- In a normal distribution of raw score what is Z-score for 50th percentile 0 (zero)
- Which 02 theorist probably have agreed with each other theories Dewey & Vygotsky
- According to Dewey teacher should bePartner in learning
- Problem task based on highly visual motivating scenario is Anchored instructions
- Teaching by student to his/her classmate is called Peer Tutoring
- The students like to spend the most of the time with Peers
- Punjab Danish schools and centers of excellence authority act passed in 2010
- Assessment made by a classmate is calledPeer Assessment
- Feedback provided by the classmate on assessment isPeer Review
- Peer instructions, peer teaching, Peeragogy are other names ofPeer Tutoring
- A normal child of twelve years of age is most likely to Be eager for peer approval
- Student tutor by another student of same age is Peer Tutoring
- Student of same age take turn as tutor and tutee Reciprocal Peer Tutoring
- Younger student tutored by older student is Cross Age Tutoring
- One on one approach to teaching or re-teaching concepts is termed as Tutoring
- “Teaching is a form interpersonal influence aimed at the changing the behavior potential of another” said by L Gage, Father of research on teaching N.L. Gage
- Cognitive Teaching theory was presented byL. Gage
- Cognitive Learning theory (also called discovery learning or information processing theory) and was presented byJerome Bruner.
- Theory of self-rewarding learning was given byJerome Bruner
- Cognitive Development theory was presented byJean Piaget
- Cognitive Domain of educational objectives in Bloom taxonomy was given byBloom
- Cognitive activity in the form of thoughts, judgments, evaluations are necessary for an emotion to occur. It is Cognitive Theory/Lazarus Theoryof emotion.
- The word “Danish” originates fromPersian language, means deep rooted wisdom,
- 1stDanish school established in Hasilpur Bahawalpur in 2010
- Last Danish established in Mailsi in 2019
- Danish school system was introduced by CM Punjab Shahbaz Sharif.
- At present, 16 Danish schools(8 girls & 8 boys) are fully operational
- 4 Danishschools are under construction
- Danish schools are under control of BISE Lahore.
- SSB (Social security benefits) given to contract employeein lieu of pension @30%
- Student diaries are maintained for Homework, Guidance means to showpath/to direct.
- Peer culture constitutes Socialization
- Socrates was born in 469BC and died in 399 BC in Greece
- Plato was born in 427died in 347 BC in Greece
- Aristotle was born in 384and died in 322 BC in Greece
- Independent variable is also called Antecedentcause, stimulus, treatment, experimental, and predictive variable.
- Dependent variable is also calledeffect, response, outcome, precedent & behavioral variables.
- It divide data into two parts Median, It divide data into four parts, Quartile
- It divide data into ten parts Decile, and It divide data into 100 parts
- The book Republic was written by
- Learning in mother tongue increase studentscomprehension
- Placement assessment is done before instructionor start of instruction
- Placement assessment is done to measure mastery in a subject or to place students in a Class/grade it measure students’ performance in the beginning of course or session
- Diagnostic assessment is done before instructionto identify the problem of students
- Formative assessment is done during assessmentto monitor learning progress
- Summative assessment is done after instruction to measure Learning achievement
- Benchmark assessment assess students’ performance after completion ofunit or chapter or section (i.e., After a grading period)
- Continuous assessment is done at regular interval after everyday/week/month etc.
- Summative evaluation is bottom line evaluation, Judgement is certifiedin it.
- Feedback is an important component of formative assessment
- Placement assessment require students evaluation that determine the studentpre requisite skills to begin instruction
- Students take Arithmetic test on first day of class is Placement Assessment
- Students are given test item & teacher is observing their progress Formative assessment
- Most of our classroom assessment areFormative assessments
- Student are solving Arithmetic test teacher is observing their problems in solving the tests is Diagnostic Assessment
- How the forms are apprehended according to Plato by reason
- How the forms are apprehended according to Aristotle by Empiricism(senses)
- There are 5 basic teaching stylesof a teacher Formal authority, facilitator, collaborator, delegator and demonstrator.
- In lecture teacher act as Formal Authority, in activities teacher acts as
- In demonstration teacher acts as Demonstrator, and in project acts as
- In Cooperative learning teacher acts as a
- Classroom management styles are 04(Authoritarian-Authoritative-Permissive-Indulgent)
- 04 Classroom management styles were developed by Diana Baumrindin 1966 in California University
- Firm control of teacher, no participation/ interruption from students, quite classroom, no opportunity for learning & practice of communication skills. Authoritarian
- Rule oriented, teacher does not tolerate inappropriate behavior Punishment direct instructions, no opportunities for cooperation or activities. Authoritarian
- Teacher impose rules strictly but also allow students to ask questions, involve in learning, and give value to student’s inputs, participation and collaborations Authoritative
- Complete opposite to authoritarian style is Permissive Style
- Teachers do not establish rules and do not punish for false, Teacher has lost his passion for teaching, a lot of freedom, and few demands from students, and classroom is noisy, indiscipline, lack of involvement of teacher. Permissive Style
- It evokes creativity among learners Permissive Style
- No demands from students, but students are actively supported by the teacher in learning according to choose of students. Indulgent
- No fixed rules but teacher engage class in activities, teacher think that strict classroom environment hinders in students learning. Indulgent
- Child centered style which emphasize on the creativity of the learner and developed all aspects of behaviour is Permissive Style.
- A content centered style of teaching teacher is active and student interest and abilities are not cared is Autocratic Style.
- The teaching strategy classified under permissive style is Role Playing.
- Curriculum organization which uses different concept at same level is Horizontal
- Curriculum organization which uses different concept at different level is Vertical
- Integration of subject within a particular field of knowledge Intra-Disciplinary
- Integration of subjects from different field of knowledge into a new curriculum Inter-Disciplinary
- Educational psychology is also called psycho-pedagogy
- It is philosophy which gives direction to education.
- Systematic study of society and its groups is called
- Aim of education are achieved through curriculum
- There are 04 foundationsof education Philosophy, psychology, sociology, history
100- There are 04 Components of education Objective, curriculum, pedagogy, evaluation