Policy (NEP) 2009 assigns IPEMC the role to oversee educational developmentincluding monitoring and review of the national education policy.
NCC was established under
Development of 21st century skills were focused in SNC 2020
Analysis of Pakistani curriculum with Singapore,Cambridge curriculum was made SNC
Pakistan learners’ standards compared with Singapore, Malaysia/Indonesia, & UK standards. In SNC 2020
Consultation was made with Cambridge university UK for English, math’s and science, LUMS and AKU-IED in SNC 2020
NCF stands forNational Curriculum Framework
NCF is a policy documentwhich provides guidelines for achieving national vision, mission, goals, and objectives of education through school curricula.
NCF was approved by the NCC in its 8th meeting held on 25th July 2017.
Phase 01 (Target date to be implemented March 2021) (ECE to 5th) (Implemented in August 2021)
Phase 02 (To be implemented March 2022) (6thto 8th) (Implemented in April 2023)
Phase 03 (Target date to be implemented March 2023) (9thto 12th) (under process)
The combination of different subjects in a short/pressed form. Integrated curriculum
Important content which is covered across the subject rather than taught in one particular subject Cross Cutting Themes
Hidden Curriculum (anImplicit curriculum) Unwritten social rules & expectations of behavior that we all seen to know but were never taught said by Bibber
Null-Curriculum (an Excluded Curriculum)given by Elliot Eisner 1979 Curriculum is that which is not taught.
Curriculum designed to teach important skills which are necessary for learning & working independently to learner with cognitive impairments Functional Curriculum
Curriculum designed for learners having sever cognitive impairments which describe their developmental level Developmental Curriculum
Curriculum which consider diverse need, interest, experience & personal characteristics of all individuals Inclusive Curriculum
A planned written, published and presented to leaners by teachers is explicit curriculum.
Books are explicit curriculum.(Explicit curriculum is generally formal curriculum)
An unplanned unwritten and unpublished curriculum, crafted in thinking process of learners is implicit curriculum(it is generally informal curriculum)
A curriculum where key concepts are presented repeatedly throughout the curriculum, but with increasing level of complexity (given by Jerome Bruner-1966). Spiral Curriculum
A curriculum which focus on what learners are expected to do rather than able to learn. Competency Based Curriculum:
Actual teaching and learning activities taking place in schools Implemented Curriculum
Indicates the knowledge, understanding, skills and attitudes that learners actually acquire as a result of teaching and learning, Intended Curriculum
Experienced organized by the school for learner’s educational institute & teacher are implementer of curriculum.School Curriculum
Textbook is an example of supported curriculum
Presented by experts and learned people RecommendedCurriculum
Are all major aspects of the content area should be covered by the test items or content is appropriate according to objectives of study. Content Validity
The bases of content validity is relation betweenobjectives & Item (content)
Test produce same results as produced by another standardized test Criterion Validity
Predictive Validity and Concurrent Validity are two types ofCriterion Validity
Extent to which a test can predict the future performance of the students. Predictive Validity
Test produce similar results with previously held valid test.Concurrent Validity
Extent to which a test reflects to measure of a hypothesized trait, Constructive Validity
It is checked what should exist in test theoretically. Constructive Validity
Does test measure the construct that is intended to measure? (It is established through logical analysis) Constructive Validity
Convergent-Validity and Divergent-Validity are two types ofConstructive Validity
When different measures have only underlying common construct Convergent-Validity
When different measures are not tightly related to common construct Divergent-Validity
When one looks at the test, he thinks of the extent to which the test seems logically related to being tested or when a test is valid by definition. Face validity
Test is valid if difference on dependent variable is direct result of independent variable not due to other variable Internal Validity
Test is valid if results generalized to the population outside the sample External Validity
When similar tests are applied repeatedly and produce same results. Test-Retest Reliability
Systematic error is related to validity
Test-Retest Reliability has two typesInter-Rater, Intra-Rater
Similar test given to different students at same time Inter-Rater
Similar test given to same students at different time Intra-Rater
Used to assess the consistency of the results of two tests constructed in the same way from the same content domain. Parallel-Forms Reliability
Test is distributed into two halves; results of both halves are correlated & compared in Split-Half Reliability
Following methods are used for Split-Half Reliability Spear-brown prophecy formula , Cronbach –alpha both
Spear-brown prophecy formula (r=2r /1+r)r= correlation between two halves
Cronbach –alpha:test is divided into two halves again & again with different sequence & their correlation is determines. Value >0.7 is good if it is >0.9 it would be
Used to assess the consistency of results of the items within a test. Kudar-Richardsonmethod or split test method is used for this reliability Internal Consistency Reliability
Qualitativeresearchers are sometimes criticized as: Storytellersnotresearchers
Qualitativeresearchers deal more with: Wordsratherthanfigures
Criticalcase samples are mostly used in: Qualitativeresearch
It focus on number/quantity, its results are more accurate, precise & generalizable, results are described in numerical formQuantitativeresearch
It is Objective, deductive, confirmatory and test hypothesisQuantitativeresearch
It focus on text quality, results are less accurate/generalizable, Qualitativeresearch
It is Subjective, Inductive, exploratory Qualitativeresearch
When children become active members of their peer group? In Adolescence
Students ask questions from each other during presentations.Peer Questioning
Concept of Peer teaching was introduced by Dwight W Allen.
In peer teaching who teaches the class
People of same age and status are Peers.
Learningfrom fellows is the characteristics of Peerteaching
100. When instruction is delivered by a person close in age or achievement to the person receiving instruction, the process is known as Peer Tutoring
