- Test and Item Assessment
- What involves taking all the necessary measures to evaluate whether a test is valid, reliable, and balanced?
Answer: Validity, reliability, objectivity, and usability of test – Test Assessment - What involves analyzing each test item to see whether it meets specific objectives, is easy or hard, and distinguishes between high and low achievers?
Answer: Item Assessment (also called Item Analysis) - What is the general term used for a question, problem, choices, correct answer, scoring, and outcomes in a test?
Answer: Item - What system helps maintain, store, and classify test items for easy review, development, and test assembly?
Answer: Item Bank - What is the collection of items from which test questions are selected during development?
Answer: Item Pool - What test determines whether the questions meet the objectives of the test?
Answer: Item Analysis - What are the three key aspects that Item Analysis evaluates?
Answer: Level of difficulty, discrimination, and effectiveness of distractors - What is the formula for the Facility Index (FI)?
Answer: FI = (NR / NT) × 100 - What are other names for item difficulty?
Answer: Difficulty Level or Facility Index - When is a test item considered acceptable based on facility index?
Answer: When its value is between 30% and 70% - When is a test item considered very easy?
Answer: When the facility index is above 70% - When is a test item considered very difficult?
Answer: When the facility index is below 30% - What is the best value for Facility Index (FI)?
Answer: 50% - In a norm-referenced test, which item is considered best?
Answer: The one with difficulty near 50 - Among the following values, which one is more acceptable for facility index: 45%, 51%, 67%, 40%?
Answer: 51% - What helps to distinguish between high and low achievers in a test?
Answer: Discrimination Power - What is the formula for Discrimination Power?
Answer: D = (NH – NL) / N - When is the discrimination power of a test item considered acceptable?
Answer: When its value ranges from 0.30 to 1 - When does a test item achieve 100% discrimination?
Answer: When its discrimination value is 1 - When can a test item not distinguish between high and low achievers?
Answer: When its discrimination value is below 0.30 - Item Difficulty, Discrimination & Analysis Techniques
- What does a facility index of less than 0.20 indicate?
Answer: Item is difficult - What does a discrimination value higher than 0.4 indicate?
Answer: Item is acceptable - What type of distractor is considered strong or good?
Answer: One that attracts low achievers more than high achievers - What defines a poor or bad distractor?
Answer: One that attracts high achievers more than low, does not attract anyone, or attracts both equally – All - What do we call a number that is not very close to the mean?
Answer: Outlier - What ensures that test items fulfill the test’s objectives?
Answer: Item Analysis - Which factors significantly influence test and item difficulty?
Answer: Item type, item format, students’ reading level – All - For which type of tests is item difficulty analysis not suitable?
Answer: Personality tests - What does the facility index of an item help determine?
Answer: Ease or difficulty level - What is the quality of a test called when its scoring remains unaffected by any external factor?
Answer: Objectivity - Test Quality Indicators & Scoring Concepts
- What do we call a test’s quality when it gives consistent scores on different occasions?
Answer: Reliability - What is the term used when the test has a sufficiently large sample of questions?
Answer: Adequacy - What is the test quality called when it ensures ease of time, cost, administration, and interpretation?
Answer: Usability - What does cognitive development refer to?
Answer: Mental development - Who discriminated personality characteristics?
Answer: Gordon - 🧠 Standard-Setting Methods & Theorie
- What is the Angoff Method?
Answer: A judgmental approach where subject-matter experts estimate how a low-scoring, borderline student would answer correctly and achieve qualifying marks - What is the Nedelsky Approach designed for?
Answer: MCQs – Judges decide how many distractors a low-scoring/minimally competent student would recognize as incorrect - How does the Bookmark Procedure work in test design?
Answer: Items are arranged by increasing difficulty; experts mark cut points (bookmarks) for different levels like basic, proficient, and advanced – designed for CRT - What is the basic idea behind the Borderline-Group Method?
Answer: The passing score should match the score achieved by a typical borderline test taker - In IRT, what does calibration of a test item define?
Answer: Difficulty level - Measurement Theories & Scoring Method
- What is another name for Item Response Theory (IRT) by Lord & Novick?
Answer: Latent Response Theory - What does Item Response Theory (IRT) explain?
Answer: It explains the relationship between a student’s response to test items. Each response is independent, and it assesses a person’s ability based on latent (unobservable) traits. - What is Classical Test Theory (CTT) by Spearman based on?
Answer: The assumption that all test items measure the same concept; it focuses on the overall test score. - What is the formula for a test score according to CTT?
Answer: Test score = True score + Errors - What do both IRT and CTT allow educators to predict?
Answer: Item difficulty and the ability of test takers - What does Generalizability Theory by Cronbach describe?
Answer: A framework for conceptualizing, investigating, and designing reliable observations - Grading and Rubrics
- What is the score a student receives in a paper called?
Answer: Grade/Marks - What do we call the process of assigning grades?
Answer: Grading - What kind of rubric requires a list of major elements that students must include in their ideal answer?
Answer: Analytical Scoring Rubrics - Which rubric is used for restricted-response essay questions?
Answer: Analytical Scoring Rubrics - What type of rubric evaluates the overall quality of a student’s response in extended essay questions?
Answer: Holistic Scoring Rubrics - What does a hyper general rubric include?
Answer: Excessively general scoring that can apply to many assignments without being specific - What is a task-specific rubric?
Answer: A rubric designed to score a particular task, like Nazra rubrics - What type of rubric focuses on practical skills?
Answer: Practical work rubrics - 🧮 Grading Systems
- What is Norm-Referenced Grading?
Answer: Grading a student in comparison to classmates - What is Criterion-Referenced Grading?
Answer: Grading a student based on a set of predefined criteria - What does Percentile Rank indicate?
Answer: A student’s relative position within a group, based on the percentage of students who scored lower - What does Normal Curve Grading show?
Answer: A standardized score showing the student’s position within a group—similar to percentile rank - What is Absolute Grading?
Answer: A system where grading criteria are fixed and predetermined. All students can pass or receive an A grade (e.g., >80% = Grade A) - What is Relative Grading?
Answer: Grades are assigned based on the student’s performance relative to classmates; only a few students may receive top grades - Educational Boards & Institutions in Pakistan
- When was the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) Lahore established?
Answer: 1954 - Who conducted matric and intermediate exams before BISE Lahore was established?
Answer: Punjab University - What is the current structure of BISE in Punjab?
Answer: Now, every division in the province has its own BISE, including Lahore. - Who conducts matric and inter exams for Islamabad Capital Territory, Gilgit-Baltistan, and overseas Pakistanis?
Answer: Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education - Who conducts exams for polytechnic and vocational degrees like B.Com, DAE, etc.?
Answer: Board of Technical Education (Now part of TEVTA) - What does Punjab Examination Commission (PEC) assess?
Answer: Grade 5 and 8 students (now provides items for school-based assessments from grade 1 to 8) - In which year was PEC established?
Answer: 2006 - Who organized examinations before PEC was created?
Answer: Director Public Instructions (DPI) - Assessment Surveys and Agencies
- What is ASER (Annual Status of Education Report) 2008?
Answer: The largest annual survey of rural children - What is the coverage of ASER 2008?
Answer: It is a private agency that works in 144 rural districts for children aged 5 to 16 - On what competencies does ASER 2008 focus?
Answer: Literacy and numeracy at grade 2 and 3 levels - What is TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study)?
Answer: A U.S.-based agency that assesses students at grades 4 and 8 every four years since 1995 - When did Pakistan participate in TIMSS, and who sponsors it?
Answer: Pakistan participated in 2019; sponsored by IEA – compares U.S. student achievement with other countries - What is READ (Russian Education Aid for Development) 2008?
Answer: A project executed by the World Bank and supported by Russia to improve education quality and measure outcomes - What is SABER (System Approach for Better Education Results) 2011?
Answer: A World Bank project assessing education policies and systems in both developed and developing countries - What is the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), and when was it established?
Answer: An international body established in 1958 in the Netherlands - What does PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) test?
Answer: General competency in reading, math, science, and literacy – All - What does PIRLS stand for?
Answer: Progress in International Reading Literacy Study - When and under which policy was the National Testing Service (NTS) established?
Answer: Established in July 2002 under the National Education Policy (NEP) 1998 - Where are the major assessment training centers in Pakistan located?
Answer: Director IER–University of the Punjab, Lahore and Director Federal College of Education, H-9 Islamabad - Curriculum Planning & Educational Approaches
- What is a written overview of the entire curriculum called?
Answer: Block plan - What do we call a written plan that outlines every action needed to meet program goals?
Answer: Lesson plan - Which curriculum remains flexible and adapts to the learners’ changing needs and interests?
Answer: Emergent curriculum - What do we call a curriculum whose effectiveness has been evaluated?
Answer: Validated curriculum - What serves as a guide for designing or selecting a curriculum?
Answer: Curriculum framework - As children grow, what curriculum model reflects their expanding interests?
Answer: Spiral curriculum - What term refers to the faithful implementation of a curriculum model?
Answer: Fidelity - What are the expected learning outcomes for students called?
Answer: Learning standards - What approach organizes and engages learners in an in-depth investigation of a topic?
Answer: Project approach - What principle is followed when curriculum content is repeated vertically across grades?
Answer: Continuity - 🧑🏫 School Structure, Laws & Initiatives in Pakistan
- What is the most important factor for a teacher to focus on in school?
Answer: Learner - How is the secondary-level curriculum in Pakistan structured?
Answer: Diversified into two groups – Science Group and Arts (General) Group - How many working weeks are there at the primary and secondary levels in Pakistan?
Answer: 35 - When was the study of the Quran made compulsory in schools?
Answer: 2018, under the Nazra Act 2018 - What does TALEEM stand for in the context of educational transformation?
Answer: Transformation in Access, Learning, Equity and Education Management - Which project, approved by GPE in 2020, targets multiple education departments in Punjab?
Answer: TALEEM Project Punjab - What does GPE stand for?
Answer: Global Partnership for Education - What is futurology?
Answer: A social science field that studies current trends to forecast future developments - What is the duration and goal of the TALEEM Project (Punjab), and who is the grant agent?
Answer: 5 years (2021–2026); aims to improve access to inclusive quality education and increase enrollment of children aged 5–9. Grant agent: UNICEF - What is Wait Time in classroom teaching?
Answer: The time (3–5 seconds) a teacher waits after asking a question to improve the quality of student responses