Adminitration and Management in Education

.121. Norms in any organization define:

A. Rules and regulations
B. Explicit means to guide behaviour
C. End of human behaviour
D. Standards of performance
Ans: B. Explicit means to guide behaviour

122. From a theoretical perspective, administrative practice within organizations is enhanced by:
A. Formal components
B. Informal components
C. Formal and informal components
D. Formalization and standardization
Ans: C. Formal and informal components

123. Reproducer of patriarchy, reinforcer of domination is a specific feature of:
A. Democracy
B. Interpersonal relationship
C. Bureaucracy
D. Informal norms
Ans: C. Bureaucracy

124. Loose coupling means:
A. The event that coupled events are responsive
B. Evidence of physical and logical separation
C. Refer to a variety of situations
D. All of the above
Ans: D. All of the above

125. Charles Bidwell noted structural looseness in school organizations in:
A. 1955
B. 1965
C. 1975
D. 1985
Ans: B. 1965

126. Characteristics of professional orientations are:
A. Hierarchical orientation
B. Disciplined compliance
C. Subordination to the organization
D. None of the above
Ans: D. None of the above

127. The primary beneficiary of service organizations is:
A. Buyer
B. Client
C. Professional
D. Market
Ans: B. Client

128. The socialization process begins with the experience of:
A. Student teaching
B. Professional teaching
C. Organizational teaching
D. Professional orientation
Ans: A. Student teaching

129. Loose coupling perspective offers a/an __________ addition to bureaucratic theories.
A. Un-useful
B. Unique
C. Useful
D. Distinctive
Ans: C. Useful

130. Division of labour promotes __________ in an organization:
A. Organization
B. Formal structure
C. Hierarchicalization
D. Specialization
Ans: D. Specialization

131. All organizations, including schools, have:
A. Hierarchical structure
B. Bureaucratic structure
C. Instructional activities
D. Structural looseness
Ans: A. Hierarchical structure

132. The horizontal axis of Blake and Mouton’s managerial grid mainly concerns:
A. Production
B. Efficiency
C. Behaviour
D. Work output
Ans: A. Production

Explanation: Blake and Mouton’s managerial grid evaluates leaders based on their focus on “task” (production) versus “people” (relationship-oriented).

133. The ability to reprimand, demote, or use other means of penalizing is a __________ type of power.
A. Legitimate
B. Reward
C. Coercive
D. Referent
Ans: C. Coercive

134. Autocratic, democratic, and Laissez-Faire styles are discussed in:
A. Ohio studies
B. Michigan studies
C. IOWA studies
D. Blake and Mouton’s managerial grid
Ans: C. IOWA studies

135. Interpersonal relationships, teamwork, and employee participation are offered by:
A. Job-centred behaviour
B. Employee-centred behaviour
C. Consideration
D. Initiating structures
Ans: B. Employee-centred behaviour

136. The capacity of affecting the decisions, attitudes, and behaviour of others is called:
A. Reward
B. Power
C. Belief
D. Punishment
Ans: B. Power

137. Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid is related to:
A. Trait theories of leadership
B. Behavioural theories of leadership
C. Contingency theory of leadership
D. Human relations approach
Ans: B. Behavioural theories of leadership

138. The contingency theory of leadership suggests that effective leadership depends on:
A. The organizational environment
B. The specific variables in each situation
C. The specific qualities of the leader
D. The specific behaviour of the leader in different situations
Ans: B. The specific variables in each situation

139. The first comprehensive contingency leadership model was developed by:
A. Hersey and Blanchard
B. Martin G. Evans
C. Fred Fiedler
D. Jane Srygley Mouton
Ans: C. Fred Fiedler

140. Which of these variables of situational favourability for leadership is not included in Fred Fiedler’s contingency model:
A. Leader-Member relations
B. Motivation level
C. Task structure
D. Position power
Ans: B. Motivation level

141. Path-Goal theory has its roots in the:
A. Expectancy theory of motivation
B. Behavioural theories of leadership
C. Trait theories of leadership
D. Situational leadership theory
Ans: A. Expectancy theory of motivation

142. Hersey and Blanchard’s situational leadership theory allows managers a choice of how many possible leadership styles to adapt to employee readiness?
A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. Five
Ans: C. Four

143. Which one of these leadership behaviours is not enlisted in Path-Goal theory, that a leader can adopt:
A. Directive leadership
B. Supportive leadership
C. Participative leadership
D. Laissez-Faire leadership
Ans: D. Laissez-Faire leadership

144. Which theory says that “a leader’s effectiveness depends on the ability to motivate and satisfy employees so that they will perform”?
A. Hersey and Blanchard’s situational leadership theory
B. Path-Goal theory
C. Fiedler contingency theory
D. Alderfer’s ERG theory
Ans: B. Path-Goal theory

145. In Alderfer’s ERG theory, “E” stands for:
A. Essential
B. Existence
C. Environment
D. Eminent
Ans: B. Existence

146. “The leader’s behaviour should be altered according to the employee’s readiness/maturity to complete tasks.” This is the main assumption of:
A. Hersey and Blanchard’s situational leadership theory
B. Path-Goal theory
C. Fiedler contingency theory
D. Alderfer’s ERG theory
Ans: A. Hersey and Blanchard’s situational leadership theory

147. When one individual has the responsibility of monitoring and controlling the work, it comes under:
A. Mutual adjustment
B. Direct supervision
C. Standardization of work
D. Leadership
Ans: B. Direct supervision

148. Workers coordinate their efforts through a simple process of informal communication, which is called:
A. Mutual adjustment
B. Direct supervision
C. Standardization of work
D. Leadership
Ans: A. Mutual adjustment

149. Those who perform the basic work/activities directly related to the production of products and services are called:
A. Support staff
B. Techno structure
C. Strategic Apex
D. Operating Core
Ans: D. Operating Core

150. In school systems, Principals are considered:
A. Middle line
B. Techno structure
C. Strategic Apex
D. Operating Core
Ans: A. Middle line