a. Ohio studies
b. Michigan studies
c. Iowa studies
d. Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid

Answer: c. Iowa studies

145. Interpersonal relationships and employee participation are offered by:

a. Job-centered behavior
b. Employee-centered behavior
c. Consideration
d. Initiating structures

Answer: b. Employee-centered behavior

146. The capacity to affect the decisions, attitude, and behavior of others is called:

a. Reward
b. Power
c. Belief
d. Punishment

Answer: b. Power

147. Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid is related to:

a. Trait theories of leadership
b. Behavioral theories of leadership
c. Contingency theory of leadership
d. Human relations approach

Answer: b. Behavioral theories of leadership

148. The contingency theory of leadership suggests that effective leadership depends on:

a. The organizational environment
b. The specific variables in each situation
c. The specific qualities of the leader
d. The specific behavior of the leader in different situations

Answer: b. The specific variables in each situation

167. The Need Satisfaction Questionnaire (NSQ) was developed by:

a. Herzberg
b. Maslow
c. Lyman Porter
d. Alderfer

Answer: c. Lyman Porter

168. Goals motivate people to develop strategies that will enable them to perform at the:

a. Required goal levels
b. Important goal levels
c. Satisfaction goal levels
d. Strategic goal levels

Answer: a. Required goal levels

169. Frederick Herzberg developed a unique and exiting motivation theory that is known as:

a. Two-factor theory
b. Motivation-hygiene theory
c. Dual theory
d. All of these

170. Expectancy theory is based on how many assumptions?

a. Four
b. Three
c. Five
d. Six

Answer: a. Four

171. The S-Q-B-C model, which provides a useful way of viewing the behavior modification process, was developed by:

a. Chris Argyris
b. Eric Berne
c. Fred Luthans
d. B.F. Skinner

Answer: c

172. The state that reflects maturity, objectivity, problem-solving, logic, and rationality is:

a. Parent ego
b. Adult maturity
c. Adult ego
d. Teenage ego

Answer: c. Adult ego

173. The two early researchers, Andrew Halpin and Don Croft, are recognized for determining the significance of __________ in organizational behavior:

a. Authenticity
b. Production
c. Resistance
d. Power

Answer: a. Authenticity

174. All are group approaches to change except:

a. Behavior modification
b. Intergroup problem solving
c. Survey feedback
d. Strategic planning

Answer: a. Behavior modification

175. Structural differences between strategic planning and long-range planning is outlined by:

a. Shirley McCune
b. Andrew Halpin
c. Don Croft
d. James Henderson

Answer: a. Shirley McCune

176. Organizational culture has its roots in sociology and anthropology, whereas the organizational climate is rooted in:

a. Sociology
b. Epistemology
c. Physiology
d. Psychology

Answer: d. Psychology

177. A self-cleaning statue ready to offer up a sacrifice if it will maintain its position is:

a. Educator
b. Principal
c. Leader
d. Manager

178. OCAI stands for:

a. Organizational Culture Assessment Instalment
b. Organizational Culture Assessment Inventory
c. Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument
d. Organizational Inaccessibility Culture Assessment

Answer: b. Organizational Culture Assessment Inventory

179. Theory Z was developed by:

a. McGregor
b. William Ouchi
c. Robert G. Owens
d. None

Answer: b. William Ouchi

180. Importance of organizational culture that is norms, values, and feelings of employees and institute comes under:

a. Theory X
b. Theory Y
c. Theory Z
d. Theory Y and Z

Answer: c. Theory Z

181. Typical ethnographic approach was replaced for examining the culture of the school by:

a. Quasi experiment
b. Survey method
c. Self-report inventory
d. Interview

Answer: b. Survey method

182. Family, machine, cabaret, and Little Shop of Horrors culture are the metaphorical content of:

a. School behavior phenotype
b. School environment phenotype
c. School culture phenotype
d. All of the above

Answer: c. School culture phenotype

196. Authoritarian structures are ____ in nature:

a. Mechanistic
b. Naturalistic
c. Materialistic
d. Humanistic

Answer: a. Mechanistic

197. It is a set of procedures that help employees deal more effectively with an inevitable environment:

a. Enabling formalization
b. Coercive formalization
c. Enabling centralization
d. Hindering centralization

Answer: a. Enabling formalization

198. One goal of all school administrators should be to make their school:

a. Mindful organization
b. Mindful institute
c. Open structure
d. Closed structure

Answer: a. Mindful organization

199. The notion of mindfulness to organizations as they studied high-reliability organizations was first introduced by:

a. Wildavsky
b. Hoy
c. Sutcliffe
d. Sweetland

Answer: c. Sutcliffe

200. It sees problems as opportunities and views successes as problems; it is both optimistic and skeptical:

a. Enabling
b. Mindlessness
c. Mindfulness
d. Hindering
e. Leadership by Banking

Answer: c. Mindfulness