Management

.1. The element of motivation that is an internal state that makes certain outcomes attractive is _______.

a. An effort
b. A need ★
c. A drive
d. A goal

2. According to Situational Leadership Theory, the leadership style in which the leader provides both directive and supportive behavior is _______.
a. Delegating
b. Telling
c. Selling ★
d. Participating

3. The universities of and University of Hallere were Prussian institutions emphasizing economic and social disciplines, with the goal of societal reform.
a. Top of Form
b. Brandenburg an der Havel ★
c. Frankfurt (Oder)
d. Magdeburg
e. Erfurt
f. Bottom of Form

4. Public administrators collect and analyze data (_______), monitor budgets, draft legislation, develop policy, and execute legally mandated government activities.
a. Top of Form
b. Probability
c. Mathematical statistics ★
d. Statistics
e. Regression analysis
f. Bottom of Form

5. Classic scholars including Plato and Machiavelli are the basis of subsequent generations of public administration.
a. Top of Form
b. Empiricism ★

44. One minor tradition that the more specific term “public management” refers to ordinary, routine, or typical management concerns, in the context of achieving _______.
a. Top of Form
b. Microeconomics ★
c. Public good
d. Economics
e. Bottom of Form
f. Law and economics

45. In the _______, the academic field draws heavily on political science and law.
a. Top of Form ★
b. United States
c. Alaska
d. Canada
e. Philippines

46. The pursuit of the public good by enhancing _______, ensuring a well-run, fair, and effective public service are some of the goals of the field.
a. Top of Form
b. Executive (government) ★
c. Bureaucracy
d. Civil society
e. Law

47. Scholars such as John A. Rohr write of a long history behind the constitutional legitimacy of government _______.
a. Top of Form
b. Law
c. Executive (government)
d. Civil society ★
e. Bureaucracy

48. Public administration can be broadly described as the development, implementation, and study of branches of policy _______.
a. Top of Form ★
b. Government
c. Democracy
d. Authoritarianism
e. Anarchy

49. Public administration is carried out by _______ who work in public departments and agencies, at all levels of government, and perform a wide range of tasks.
a. Top of Form
b. United States civil service
c. Civil service ★
d. Imperial examination

50. The final step of the decision-making process is:
a. Evaluating the results ★
b. Gathering information
c. Identifying the problem
d. Selecting the best course of action

51. Examples of substitutes of leadership include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Explicit formalized goals
b. Rigid rules and procedures
c. Cohesive work groups
d. Inexperience ★

52. Which of the following skills are included in leadership training?
a. Vision-implementation
b. Trust building
c. Situational analysis
d. All of the above ★

53. Honesty is absolutely essential to leadership.
a. True ★
b. False

54. Transformational leadership is built on top of transactional leadership.
a. True ★
b. False

55. Work specialization is the same as:
a. Span of control
b. Division of labor ★
c. Unity of command
d. Job grouping

56. The _______ is characterized by routine operating tasks achieved through specialization.
a. Matrix organization
b. Bureaucracy ★
c. Simple structure
d. Team structure

57. The _______ violates the unity of command concept.
a. Simple structure
b. Bureaucracy
c. Matrix structure ★
d. Virtual organization

58. The _______ is also called the networked or modular organization.
a. Virtual organization ★
b. Team structure
c. Matrix
d. Bureaucracy

59. The boundaryless organization relies heavily on:
a. Information technology ★

61. What is a budget?

 a. A sum of money allocated for a particular purpose
b. Obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction
c. A summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them
d. A & C★

62. What is the leadership skill?
a. Visionary – know what needs to be achieved and how to go about achieving it★
b. Inspirational – create and bring to life an image of how things can be
c. Aware – understand each individual’s abilities, limitations, motives and drivers
d. All of these★

63. What is not the main roles of Leadership?
a. Futurist, b. Historian,
c. Ambassador, d. Vigilante★

64. Which is NOT the type of Supervision?
a. Autocratic Supervision
b. Authoritative Supervision
c. Imaginative Supervision★
d. Democratic Supervision

65. Which is not the characteristic of modern Supervision?
a. Modernization
b. Broader Outlook
c. Democratic Atmosphere★
d. Formal Supervision

66. What is the main function of management?
a. Planning, goal setting organizing
b. Allocating resources Leading
c. Influence controlling
d. All of these★

67. What is the essential skill of management?
a. Human – working well with others★
b. Technical-understanding / proficiency in specialized field
c. Conceptual – visualizing whole organization
d. All of these★

68. What does the management work method involve?
a. Unrelenting pace, ★
b. Brevity, variety and fragmentation
c. Verbal contacts and networks
d. All of these

69. Which is NOT the classical management theory?
a. Scientific
b. Philosophic★
c. Bureaucratic
d. Administrative

70. Who is the main contributor to Bureaucratic management?
a. Max Webber★
b. Robert Jordon
c. Steve Austen
d. Mick Lewis

71. ________ means that organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, race, and ethnicity.
a. Globalization
b. Workforce diversity★
c. Affirmative action
d. Organizational culture

72. ________ has helped us understand differences in fundamental values, attitudes, and behavior between people in different countries.
a. Anthropology★
b. Psychology
c. Social psychology
d. Political science

73. What behavioral science discipline has made the MOST significant contributions to understanding individual behavior?
a. Sociology
b. Social psychology
c. Psychology★
d. Anthropology

74. Individual level independent variables include:
a. Technology
b. Organizational culture
c. Perception★
d. Human resource policy

75. Organizational behavior is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness.
a. True★
b. False

76. Robert Katz has identified three management skills: technical, human, and conceptual.
a. True★
b. False

77. A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment is called:
a. Interpretation
b. Environmental analysis
c. Perception★
d. Outlook

78. Which one of the following that influences perception is NOT a factor?
a. Target
b. Society★
c. Perceiver
d. Situation

79. Because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see, we engage in:
a. Selective perception★
b. Memorization
c. Mental desensitization
d. Periodic listening

80. How individuals in organizations make decisions, and the quality of their final choice is largely influenced by their:
a. Personality
b. Perception★
c. Experience
d. Job satisfaction

81. According to Fiedler’s contingency theory, if there is NOT a match of leadership style to the group situation, what should be done?
a. Replace the manager
b. Change the situation to fit the manager
c. Either A or B
d. None

82. The leader-participation model was developed by:
a. Robert House
b. Fred Fiedler
c. George Graen
d. Vroom and Yetton★

83. Vroom and Yetton’s leadership theory could also be described as a _______ theory.
a. Power
b. Decision tree★
c. Satisfaction
d. Trait