Adminitration and Management in Education

31. Bernard introduced analysis of managerial functions and processes into the:

A. Social (Answer)
B. Physical
C. Human
D. Mental

32. The result of the first series of experiments under Hawthorne studies was that:

A. Illumination intensity was not directly related to group productivity (Answer)
B. Illumination intensity was directly related to group productivity
C. Illumination intensity was directly related to behaviour
D. None

33. The process of problem definition, alternative development, alternative appraisal, and solution selection is called:

A. Planning
B. Forecasting
C. Decision-making (Answer)
D. Commanding

34. Simon’s “Administrative Behaviour” was probably the most important contribution of the:

A. 1940 (Answer)
B. 1956
C. 1960
D. 1970

35. In contrast to the Human Relationist view, which assumes that happy workers are productive workers, the Behavioural-integrationists have been:

A. Goal-oriented
B. Efficiency-oriented
C. Decisions-oriented
D. Both a and b (Answer)

38. The system movement can be easily described as input absorbers and output generators:

A. Transformers
B. Processors (Answer)
C. Situations
D. None

39. System advocates have recognized that a change in any factor within the organization has an impact on all other organizational or subsystem components:

A. Change (Answer)
B. Decision
C. Plan
D. Manipulation

40. In the 1970s, there arose a theme originally proposed by ______ that power was the important element in understanding administration:

A. Chris Argyris
B. Douglas McGregor
C. Weber (Answer)
D. Herbert Simon

41. In an organization, managers can face some uncertain problems with some certain things. The movement whose main focus is towards these unpredictable problems is known as:

A. Power movement
B. Variables movement
C. Contingency movement (Answer)
D. Both b and c

42. The final step in decision-making is:

A. Establish decision criteria
B. Selection of the best alternative (Answer)
C. Evaluate alternatives
D. Allocate weights to criteria

44. ____ are the ends toward which activity in an organization is directed:

A. Objectives (Answer)
B. Policies
C. Aims
D. Strategies

45. Examples of non-programmed decisions are:

A. Policies
B. Budgets
C. Strategies
D. Both b and c (Answer)

46. Probably the most familiar non-programmed decision guide is the:

A. Policies
B. Budgets (Answer)
C. Strategies
D. Plans

47. The criteria that every person in a given department must generate 500 units of output per day is a:

A. Rule
B. Objective
C. Standard (Answer)
D. Aim

48. It is a series of interrelated sequential steps established for the accomplishment of a task:

A. Procedure (Answer)
B. Method
C. Strategy
D. Objective

49. The most common form of policy is the one that is:

A. Internally originated (Answer)
B. Externally originated
C. Standard
D. None

50. Four personal qualities that can contribute to better decisions are experience, good judgment, and:

A. Creativity
B. Quantitative skills
C. Qualitative skills
D. Both a and b (Answer)

51. The first step in the organizational planning process is to:

A. Establish goals
B. Formulate or review mission (Answer)
C. Outline course of action
D. Planning action

52. Strategic goals are set by:

A. Top management (Answer)
B. Top and middle management
C. Middle and first-line management
D. First-line management

53. Goals that are targets for future results to be achieved by specific divisions are:

A. Strategic goals
B. Tactical goals
C. Operational goals
D. Both a and b

55. Effective goals should be:

A. Challenging
B. Attainable
C. Tactical
D. Both a and b (Answer)

56. Goals which include an explicit definition of when the results are to be achieved are:

A. Time-defined goals (Answer)
B. Tactical goals
C. Relevant goals
D. Specific goals

57. Plans which cover briefer periods and include day-to-day operations of the organization are:

A. Operational plans (Answer)
B. Tactical plans
C. Strategic plans
D. None

58. A ____ is a less single-use plan:

A. Program
B. Goal
C. Project (Answer)
D. Policy

59. Many organizations pursue ongoing goals that require managers to address the same type of situation over and over:

A. Standing plans (Answer)
B. Single-use plans
C. Contingency plans
D. Both a and b

60. Alternative courses of action to be followed in the events of unexpected environment come under:

A. Standing plans
B. Single-use plans
C. Contingency plans (Answer)
D. Implementing plain