- Planning:forecast for organization’s future supply & demand for employees
- Recruitment:finding & attracting capable recruits for employment
- Selection:series of steps to decide which candidates should be hired
- Placement:offering or assigning a candidate a new or different job
- Orientation:making familiar the new employee with rules, policies, employee & organization.
- Training:capacity building or teaching about how to perform current duties
- Development: preparation for future responsibilities
- Appraisal:a formal assessment, typically in an interview, of the performance of an employee over a particular period.
- Compensation:pay, social security, safe working condition,
- Compensation has two types direct (salary) & indirect (insurances, vacations)
- There are 02 ChannelsInternal & External
- Recruitment of already working employees to different job via transfer, promotion or demotion is called Internal Recruitment
- Transfer: moving of individual from one job to another job which is relative in pay, level & responsibility. Movement from one station(school) to other.
- Promotion: when an employee is moved from one job to another which is higher in pay. It is always seniority and or merit based.
- Demotion:when an employee is moved from one job to another which is lower in pay
- Job Rotation:process of moving an employee from on job to other in same department new experience & skills are learned e.g., Senior headmaster to Deputy DEO.
- External Recruitment Direct recruitment from outside individuals.
- Walk-in:when an outside candidate arrived at organization in search of employment
- Write-in:when an outside candidate sends resume or written inquiry to organization in search of employment
- Resume/CV(curriculum vitae) A brief summary of personal and professional experiences, skills, and education history
- First Step in External Recruitment(Selection Process) Receiving applications
- Last Step in External Recruitment(Selection Process) Hiring decision
- Promotion is merit and seniority(Length of service) based
- Types of placement are are 03 transfer, promotion or demotion
- The process of imparting knowledge, skills, values, or information to others Teaching
- Teaching is the means where-by the experienced members of the group guide the immature and infant members in their adjustment of life Yoakam and Simpson
- Activities that are designed and performed to produce change in behavior Clarke
- Teaching is the stimulation, guidance, direction, and encouragement of learning Burton
- The four Acesof effective teaching are Outcomes. Clarity, Engagement, and Enthusiasm
- “Curriculum means all the organized courses activities & experiences which students have under the direction of school whether in the classroom or not “ Hilda Taba
- Curriculum means all learning which is planned & guided by the school whether it is carried in groups or individually, inside or outside the school” F. Kerr
- Curriculumfrom Latin word “Currere meaning runway/path”
- “We love to work” is sign of Democratic Administration
- Stimulus that produce no response is Neutral stimulus
- Gradual disappearance of acquired response
- Behavior modification is based on applied behavior analysis Behaviorist theory
- Response evoked by unconditional stimulus US is unconditioned response
- Stimulus evoke particular response is conditioned stimulusCS
- “Curriculum means all of the learning of students which is planned & directed by the school to attain its educational goals” Ralph Tayler
- “Curriculum is sum total of students activities, which school sponsors to achieve its objectives” Alberty A. Alberty, E
- All the experiences a pupil has under the guidance of school” Blonds Encyclopedia
- Curriculum is all experiences offered to learner under the direction of school”Doll
- “Curriculum provides instructional material” Smith
- “Curriculum is a tool in the hands of the artist (the teacher) to mold his material (the pupil) in accordance with his ideals in his studio (the school)” Cunningham
- Learning upon fundamental human activities Core curriculum.
- Philosophy of experimentalism of Johan Deweygive core theory of curriculum.
- Teaching basic task of a job about how to do their job is Job instruction Training(JIT)
- Coachingis a process where experencies member train the new employees.
- Training where real life situation is presented in artificial waySimulated training
- List of no. of traits & range of performance for eachRating scale
- Aword or statement describe employees performance Checklist
- A descriptive statement from a pair is choosen to rate employeeForced choice Method
- A statement that describe extrememly good/bad behavior Critical incident Method
- Speech, publications, leadership fall under Accomplishment records
- Principle of conduct about how to collect data is Ethics
- Code of ethics is prepared by Administration
- A sign of Yes/No a rater placed Descriptive scale
- An individual rate himself in Cumulative Scale
- Combination of synchronous and asynchronous learning isblended learning
- Set of activities directed at attracting, recruiting, developing & maintaining effective workforce for attaining goals. Human Resource Management (HRM)
- Human Resources management includes Recruitment, training, compensation of individualsAll
- Roles of HRMPersonal, Organizational, Functional, Societal
- There are 02 Principles of teaching Psychological and General
- The rules of presenting the content to make them easy are called Maxims of Teaching.
- Easy to difficult, simple to complex, known to unknown areMaxims of teaching
- Two types of groups Treatment & Control group are made in Experimental Research.
67- Control Group: Group which receive No treatment, (Independent variable is not applied)
68- Experimental Group: group which receive treatment, (Independent variable is applied)
69- Uncontrolled variables which are not manipulated by researcher Extraneous variables
70- It intervene between independent and dependent variable (fatigue) Intervening variables
71- Extraneous variables has two types Environmental variables, Subject variables
72- Environmental variables: they cause unwanted differences between groups e.g., leaning materials
73- Subject variables the variables due to which subjects in different groups (control & experimental group) might differ. It has two types Organismic & Intervening variables
74- Organismic variables: effects of organism’s characteristics such as sex, age, and race
75- Intervening variables: variables which intervene between independent and dependent variable such as fatigue, anxiety, and motivation.
76- Confounding Variable: It influences both the supposed cause (independent variable) and the supposed effect (dependent variable)
77- Relevant Variable: relevant variables are related to at least one factor.
78- Irrelevant Variable: Irrelevant variables are not related to the factors.
79- Law of Single Variable: Given by J.S Mill It is stated as if two situations are alike Any difference produced is the result of elements added or removed..
- Control group is characteristics of Experimental Research
- Experimental group receive treatmentthat’s why it is also called Treatment group.
- Division of sample into small groups (or experiment into sub experiments) Replication
- Experiment determineCause and Effect Relation.
- Random division of sample into control and experimental groupsRandomization
- Most authentic source of knowledge is Revelation
- Man-made authentic source of knowledge is Scientific research
- Confidence level and Confidence interval are used to select sample.
- Confidence interval (also called Margin of error) it is an estimated percentage of sample that responds.
- Hypothesis is tentative solution of problem, a provisional guess not proved to be true
- AProvisional theory to explain observed facts is known as: Hypothesis
- Date is required from small interaction or groups Sociometric scale
- Classical management theories focus on production &consider man as machine
- Psychological principles, human relations are cared in Behavioral management theory
- Which is not the characteristic of authoritative administration? Sharing
- Authoritative administration is based on Dictatorship
- Democratic administration is based on Mutual sharing
- Laissez Faire administration is based on Non interference
- Boss is always right is the feature of Authoritarian administration
- Respect of opinion is the feature of Democratic administration
100-Sense of responsibility is not cared in: Laissez Faire administration