Psychology
.1. A person who earned his first few rupees to ward off hunger and discomfort, continues to work day and night at amassing a large fortune long after he has acquired enough money to meet his physical needs. This is an example of:
o (a) Acquired motives
o (b) Extinction of motives
o (c) Instructive behaviour
o (d) Gregarious instinct
o Correct Answer: (a) Acquired motives
2. A stimulus reinforcing behavior which terminates it is called:
o (a) Reflex
o (b) Unconditioned stimulus
o (c) Negative reinforcer
o (d) Positive stimulus
o
3. Gradual disappearance of a CR in the absence of reinforcement when the CS is presented leads to:
o (a) Experiment neurosis
o (b) Experimental extinction
o (c) Spontaneous recovery
o (d) Any other
o Correct Answer: (b) Experimental extinction
4. A response may be more resistant to extinction if reinforcement in conditioning trial has been:
o (a) Periodic
o (b) Continuous
o (c) Never given
o (d) None of the above
o Correct Answer: (a) Periodic
5. The ability of the animal to respond to the reinforcing stimulus and not another is called:
o (a) Stimulus generalization
o (b) Stimulus discrimination
o (c) Response discrimination
o (d) None of these
o Correct Answer: (b) Stimulus discrimination
6. Some of the earliest experiments on reaction time were carried out in the laboratory by:
o (a) Ebbinghaus
o (b) Fechner
o (c) Binet
o (d) Helmholtz
o Correct Answer: (d) Helmholtz
7. Disorders affecting language are called:
o (a) Aphasias
o (b) Agnosias
o (c) Astercognosis
o (d) All the three
o Correct Answer: (a) Aphasias
8. Salivation to the bell in classical conditioning is called:
o (a) UCS
o (b) CS
o (c) CR
o (d) UCR
o Correct Answer: (c) CR
9. The first person to conduct experiments in classical conditioning was:
o (a) Bechterev
o (b) Spinovich
o (c) Pavlov
o (d) Binet
o Correct Answer: (c) Pavlov
10. Instrumental conditioning is also called:
o (a) Avoidance conditioning
o (b) Escape conditioning
o (c) Operant conditioning
o (d) All the three
o Correct Answer: (c) Operant conditioning
11. When an animal responds to a stimulus other than a primary stimulus just as if it were a primary stimulus, the phenomenon is:
o (a) Higher order conditioning
o (b) Second order conditioning
o (c) No conditioning
o (d) None of these
o Correct Answer: (b) Second order conditioning
12. In instrumental conditioning, the animal behavior is instrumental in bringing out the:
o (a) CS
o (b) UCS
o (c) CR
o (d) None of these
o Correct Answer: (c) CR
13. Conditioning can be established to stimuli which are:
o (a) Only pleasant
o (b) Only unpleasant
o (c) Both pleasant and unpleasant
o (d) Neither
o Correct Answer: (c) Both pleasant and unpleasant
14. A standard situation for studying instrumental conditioning is:
o (a) The problem box
o (b) Skinner box
o (c) Activity case
o (d) All these
o Correct Answer: (b) Skinner box
15. The contrast experiments on memory were conducted by:
o (a) Osgood
o (b) Ebbinghaus
o (c) Skinner
o (d) Binet
o Correct Answer: (b) Ebbinghaus
16. A learning curve essentially straight is a curve of:
o (a) Equal returns
o (b) Increasing returns
o (c) Decreasing returns
o (d) None of these
o
17. A curve indicating the greatest amount of learning in the early trials while subsequently diminishing on latter trials is a curve of:
o (a) Equal returns
o (b) Decreasing returns
o (c) Increasing returns
o (d) None of these
o Correct Answer: (b) Decreasing returns
18. Positive transfer of training is most possible with:
o (a) Similar tasks
o (b) Dissimilar tasks
o (c) A verbal and a motor task
o (d) None of these
o Correct Answer: (a) Similar tasks
19. The learning where an animal has distinguished between two or more stimuli is:
o (a) Imprinting
o (b) Discrimination learning
o (c) Attitude learning
o (d) None of these
o Correct Answer: (b) Discrimination learning
20. Motivation should be followed by:
o (a) Reward
o (b) Incentive
o (c) Reproof
o (d) Knowledge of results
o
21. A Skinner box is used for:
o (a) Motor learning
o (b) Verbal learning
o (c) Problem solving
o (d) Incidental learning
o Correct Answer: (c) Problem solving
22. Learning involving motor organs is called:
o (a) Sensory learning
o (b) Motor learning
o (c) Verbal learning
o (d) Sensory motor learning
o
23. The first verbal material for human learning was:
o (a) Meaningful word
o (b) Story
o (c) Nonsense
o (d) Syllable
o Correct Answer: (c) Nonsense
24. Learning is a modification in behavior which is relatively:
o (a) Permanent
o (b) Temporary
o (c) Adverse
o (d) Quick
o Correct Answer: (a) Permanent
25. Knowledge of result is:
o (a) Promoting learning
o (b) Discouraging learning
o (c) Stopping learning
o (d) Retarding learning
o Correct Answer: (a) Promoting learning
26. Punishment is effective only when it weakens:
o (a) Undesirable response
o (b) Desirable response
o (c) Behavior
o (d) None of the above
o Correct Answer: (a) Undesirable response
27. Punishment leads to:
o (a) Promoting learning
o (b) Standard learning
o (c) Increasing learning
o (d) None-effecting
o
28. A child learns more quickly when the right response is reinforced by:
o (a) Reward
o (b) Punishment
o (c) Praise
o (d) Reproof
o Correct Answer: (a) Reward
29. Reinforcement is attributed to:
o (a) Kohler
o (b) Hull
o (c) Skinner
o (d) Tolman
o
30. Reward and punishment is:
o (a) Reinforcing
o (b) Motivating
o (c) Distracting factor
o (d) Enhancing factor
o Correct Answer: (a) Reinforcing
31. Pavlov was the pioneer of an important theory of learning called:
o (a) Conditioning
o (b) Conditioned behavior
o (c) Classical conditioning
o (d) Operant conditioning
o Correct Answer: (c) Classical conditioning
32. Kohler and Koffka believed learning to be a function of:
o (a) Trial and error
o (b) Imitation
o (c) Insight
o (d) Exercise
o Correct Answer: (c) Insight
33. Wertheimer was the founder of:
o (a) Associationism
o (b) Gestalt
o (c) Leipzig lab
o (d) Behaviorism
o Correct Answer: (b) Gestalt
34. The Insight theory of learning was the gift of:
o (a) Behaviorists
o (b) Gestaltists
o (c) Freudians
o (d) Structuralists
o Correct Answer: (b) Gestaltists
