Curriculum

.1. In which decade was situational analysis introduced into the curriculum process of cyclical models?

o a) 1950s

o b) 1960s

o c) 1970s

o d) 1980s

o Answer: c) 1970s

2. What is the main purpose of situational analysis in curriculum development?

o a) Selecting teaching methods

o b) Analyzing the environment and society before curriculum implementation

o c) Writing textbooks

o d) Setting evaluation criteria

o Answer: b) Analyzing the environment and society before curriculum implementation

3. Who introduced the concept of situational analysis in curriculum models through their book “Developing a Curriculum” in 1978?

o a) John Dewey

o b) Jerome Bruner

o c) Audrey and Howard Nicholls

o d) Philip W. Jackson

o Answer: c) Audrey and Howard Nicholls

4. Which of the following is not a step in the situational analysis model by Nicholls and Nicholls?

o a) Selection of objectives

o b) Evaluation

o c) Scheme of study

o d) Selection and organization of content

o Answer: c) Scheme of study

5. What is a unique feature of the Nicholls and Nicholls model of curriculum design?

o a) It emphasizes rote learning

o b) It is rigid and linear

o c) It incorporates situational analysis as a key step

o d) It excludes evaluation

o Answer: c) It incorporates situational analysis as a key step

Lawton’s Flow-Chart Model (1989)

6. How many stages are there in Lawton’s flow-chart model for curriculum planning?

o a) Three

o b) Five

o c) Seven

o d) Ten

o Answer: b) Five

7. Which stage in Lawton’s flow-chart model focuses on philosophical questions about aims, knowledge, reality, and values?

o a) Sociological questions

o b) Evaluation

o c) Psychological questions

o d) Philosophical questions

o Answer: d) Philosophical questions

8. What is the focus of the sociological stage in Lawton’s curriculum model?

o a) Cultural variables and improving society

o b) Evaluation of learning outcomes

o c) Selection of instructional strategies

o d) Teacher training methods

o Answer: a) Cultural variables and improving society

9. In Lawton’s model, which stage is concerned with theories of instruction, learning, and development?

o a) Sociological questions

o b) Philosophical questions

o c) Psychological questions

o d) Evaluation

o Answer: c) Psychological questions

Cultural Analysis Model (Denis Lawton)

10. Which of the following systems is not part of Lawton’s cultural analysis model?

o a) Communication system

o b) Political system

o c) Technological system

o d) Instructional system

o Answer: d) Instructional system

11. What is the primary focus of Lawton’s cultural analysis model?

o a) Analyzing societal needs for curriculum development

o b) Evaluating teacher performance

o c) Designing textbooks

o d) Selecting instructional technologies

o Answer: a) Analyzing societal needs for curriculum development

Curriculum Change

12. Curriculum change is described as a:

o a) Static and linear process

o b) Continuous and dynamic process

o c) Rigid process

o d) One-time adjustment

o Answer: b) Continuous and dynamic process

13. What is a common obstacle in curriculum change in Pakistan?

o a) High-quality teacher training

o b) Lack of government funding

o c) Teacher resistance due to poor training

o d) Excessive community involvement

o Answer: c) Teacher resistance due to poor training

14. Which step is not part of the process for implementing curriculum change?

o a) Awareness

o b) Evaluation

o c) Trial

o d) Publishing textbooks

o Answer: d) Publishing textbooks

Curriculum Development

15. Which institution is responsible for curriculum development at the higher education level in Pakistan?

o a) Provincial textbook boards

o b) National Review Committee

o c) HEC (Higher Education Commission)

o d) Federal Ministry of Education

o Answer: c) HEC (Higher Education Commission)

16. What document provides information about the subjects to be included, periods, and other educational details in curriculum development?

o a) Scheme of study

o b) National curriculum framework

o c) Provincial education policy

o d) Teacher training manual

o Answer: a) Scheme of study

17. Which of the following is involved in the curriculum development process at the provincial level in Pakistan?

o a) Federal government alone

o b) Provincial textbook boards only

o c) Provincial curriculum centers and experts

o d) Independent private institutions

o Answer: c) Provincial curriculum centers and experts

18. What role does the National Review Committee play in curriculum development in Pakistan?

o a) Designing textbooks

o b) Evaluating draft curricula

o c) Conducting teacher training

o d) Approving educational policies

o Answer: b) Evaluating draft curricula

19. After the 18th Amendment, which institution became primarily responsible for school-level curriculum development in Pakistan?

o a) Federal government

o b) Provincial textbook boards

o c) HEC

o d) Private publishers

o Answer: b) Provincial textbook boards

20. Which system is included in Lawton’s cultural analysis model for developing curriculum?

o a) Aesthetic system

o b) Instructional design system

o c) Technological system

o d) Economic system

o Answer: a) Aesthetic system

21. What is the main purpose of curriculum alignment?

o a) Selecting content

o b) Ensuring coherence between objectives, teaching methods, and assessment

o c) Conducting situational analysis

o d) Reviewing textbooks

o Answer: b) Ensuring coherence between objectives, teaching methods, and assessment

22. Curriculum coherence refers to the extent to which:

o a) Textbooks are revised regularly

o b) Educational content aligns with teaching and assessment practices

o c) Provincial curriculum centers collaborate

o d) Teachers follow strict lesson plans

o Answer: b) Educational content aligns with teaching and assessment practices

23. Which amendment in Pakistan’s Constitution gave provinces the authority for educational planning, including curriculum development?

o a) 14th Amendment

o b) 16th Amendment

o c) 18th Amendment

o d) 20th Amendment

o Answer: c) 18th Amendment

24. The National Bureau of Curriculum and Textbook (NBCT), also known as the curriculum wing, was established in:

o a) 1957

o b) 1967

o c) 1977

o d) 1987

o Answer: b) 1967

25. What is one of the main challenges in curriculum development in Pakistan?

o a) Overabundance of teaching materials

o b) High level of teacher commitment

o c) Political interference

o d) Strong community approval

o Answer: c) Political interference

26. ·  Which organization is primarily responsible for curriculum development in higher education in Pakistan?
a) Ministry of Education
b) Provincial Textbook Boards
c) Higher Education Commission (HEC)
d) Pakistan Education Department
Answer: c) Higher Education Commission (HEC)

27. ·  Under which section of the law does the HEC oversee curriculum revision in Pakistan?
a) Section 2, Sub-section (4)
b) Section 5, Sub-section (3)
c) Section 3, Sub-section (1)
d) Section 4, Sub-section (2)
Answer: c) Section 3, Sub-section (1)

28. ·  Which committee is formed for revising the curriculum at the higher education level?
a) National Education Policy Committee
b) Provincial Education Board
c) National Curriculum Revision Committee (NCRC)
d) Federal Curriculum Board
Answer: c) National Curriculum Revision Committee (NCRC)

29. ·  How often does the HEC collaborate with universities to review curricula?
a) Annually
b) Every two years
c) Every three years
d) Every five years
Answer: c) Every three years

30. ·  In the first phase of curriculum revision, which step involves assessing the existing curriculum?
a) Formulating the NCRC
b) Meeting at HEC Islamabad
c) Formulating the new draft
d) Circulating the draft to universities
Answer: b) Meeting at HEC Islamabad