June 2025

PPSc Zilladar Paper Morning Batch Held on 29-07-2025

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PPSc Zilladar Paper Morning Batch Held on 29-07-2025

1. NASA Blue Ghost Mission-2 2025
➤ A lunar lander mission to the Moon by Firefly Aerospace (NASA partnership).
2. Current leader of Syria
➤ Ahmed Al Shara
3. Which country won most medals in Olympic 2021?
➤ United States of America (USA)
4. Who wrote Sahifa Sadiqa?
➤ Hazrat Abdullah bin Amr bin al-Aas (RA)
5. Which Muslim was the great surgeon also?
➤ Al-Zahrawi (Abu al-Qasim Al-Zahrawi)
6. The term “Crypto Winter” means?
➤ A period of prolonged decline in cryptocurrency prices.
7. Pakistan’s weapon buying ratio from China?
➤ Approximately 70% (varies slightly by year and source)
8. According to State Bank of Pakistan, how many returns were sent in first quarter of 2025?
➤ Over 10 million tax returns (exact official SBP figure required for precision)
9. How many camels were offered by Quraish to capture Prophet Muhammad ﷺ during migration?
➤ 100 camels
10. Which gas is used in firefighting foam?
➤ Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) and sometimes Halon gases
11. Sun has used half of its hydrogen in how much time?
➤ In approximately 4.6 billion years
12. Who said Kashmiris would prefer China over India?
➤ Arnab Goswami (Reportedly in controversial context)
13. Which Indian leader first took Kashmir issue to UN?
➤ Jawaharlal Nehru
14. 2008 Olympics were held in?
➤ Beijing, China
15. Which formula is used to find remainder in Excel?
➤ =MOD(number, divisor)
16. “Power Failure” is the autobiography of?
➤ Shahid Khaqan Abbasi
17. Area of Sinai Peninsula?
➤ About 60,000 km²
18. Masjid Wazir Khan built by?
➤ Wazir Khan (Governor of Lahore during Shah Jahan’s reign)
19. Which city is called “Bride of the Sea”?
➤ Tripoli (Libya)
(Also used for Venice and Alexandria in poetic contexts)
20. Mount Tambora is located in which country?
➤ Indonesia
21. Purpose of ISPAD 2025 Conference in Pakistan?
➤ To discuss diabetes in children and adolescents (International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes)
22. پنجہ مریم
➤ A sacred hand-shaped symbol, often associated with Hazrat Fatima (RA) in Islamic culture.
23. What percent share of Pakistan was in industry during partition?
➤ 17% of industrial units
24. Which Caliph recalled Muhammad bin Qasim from Sindh?
➤ Caliph Suleman bin Abdul Malik
25. میر حسن کی مثنویوں کی تعداد کتنی ہے؟
➤ 4 مشہور مثنویاں
26. Partition of Bengal was implemented on?
➤ 16 October 1905
27. چینی کوٹھی ناول
➤ ناول نگار: علی اکبر ناطق
28. Civilisation (statement change)
➤ Likely a rephrased question on origin/evolution of civilization
29. Haripur was named after which Singh?
➤ Sardar Hari Singh Nalwa
30. “Pakistan and Modern Muslim World” written by?
➤ Dr. Safdar Mahmood
31. National Game of Pakistan?
➤ Field Hockey
32. Mamnoon Hussain signed FATA Merger Bill on?
➤ 31 May 2018

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Pedagogy MCQs With Answers

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  1. Holy prophet Muhammadﷺ was born in 571 in Makkah and 632 AD in Madina)   
  2. رَّبِّ زِدْنِى عِلْمًا (O my Lord! Advance me in Knowledge is a verse of surah Ta-Ha 20:114
  3. First Revelation was held on 610 AD, First five verses of surah Alalaq revealed to the last Holy Prophet ﷺ at cave Hira (at the age of 40 years)
  4. The very first word revealed was  “IQRA” means read.
  5. Holy Prophet ﷺestablished first formal school established at Hazrat Arqam bin Abi al arqam’s house in Makkah. e.Arqam
  6. Holy Prophet ﷺafter migration to Madina in 622AD homeless, relative less Sahaba used to reside in masjid Nabvi to learn Quran, hadith from Holy Prophet ﷺ it was Suffah
  7. earqam (Makkah) and Suffah (Madina) were established by Holy Prophet ﷺ
  8. Suffa meaning shaderesidents of Suffa were named as Ashab e Suffa.
  9. It was first residential Islamic university. Suffah
  10. Now a days Suffa is called Dikat al-agawat
  11. “It would be end of this world if the offices were assigned to illiterate people”  Holy Prophet ﷺ
  12. “Knowledge without practice is dangerous” Holy Prophet ﷺ
  13. “Seeking knowledge is mandatory for all” (men, women) Holy Prophet ﷺ
  14. Allah sent me as a teacher.  ‘بعثني معلّم Holy Prophet ﷺ
  15. Dars-i Nizami is a study curriculum used in many Islamic institutions Madrassas
  16. The Dars-i Nizami system was developed byNizamuddin Sihalivi S/o Mula Qutb Din (1748 ),  Uttar Pradesh State, India.
  17. Dars-i Nizami duration is 08 years, It Provide Aalim degree
  18. Dars-i Nizami presented during The age of emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur
  19. The Holy Prophet ﷺdelivered his instruction to woman to a week
  20. Focus on function of brain not on structure, against structuralism Functionalism
  21. How Consciousness changes according to environment. Functionalism
  22. Function of mind is important than structure. Functionalism
  23. Consciousness or experience cannot be broken into structures. Functionalism
  24. Pavlov, Hall, Pavlov, Lashley, Tolman, Skinner, Edward L. Thorndike are
  25. John B. Watson said love, fear & anger are 3 Basic emotions.
  26. Fear is master emotion, Limbic system is often calledemotional brain.
  27. Emotion arise abruptly anddie slowly
  28. It was against structuralism and functionalism schools of Psychology.
  29. Consciousness cannot be observed/seen/proved scientifically.
  30. Environment is a sole factor that shapes personality and behavior
  31. Introduced scientific method to study behavior.
  32. Introduced reward, reinforcement to influence behavior.
  33. Introduced new ideas of program learning
  34. It is against introspection method
  35. Koffka, Kohler, Kurt Lewin are exponent of Gestalt
  36. Learning by insight is other name of Gestalt theory
  37. ‘Gestalt’ is a Germanword meaning whole. (Combining parts)
  38. Term “insight” .(Learning by insight)  is used to describe human behavior Gestalt
  39. It promotes the study of whole behavior, whole is different from its parts.Gestalt
  40. Against the structuralism Gestalt
  41. Human activity cannot be broken down into elements. Gestalt
  42. Kohler performed experience on learning by insight.
  43. Theory gives more value to human beings, human free will Humanist
  44. Negative or unpleasant consequences are Punisher
  45. Positive, pleasant consequences are
  46. A reinforce that can be touched is Concrete reinforcer
  47. Self appraise or slef motivation is self-reinforcer.
  48. Gesture, sign to communicate well is social reinforcer
  49. Voluntary and goal directed behavior is Operant behavior.
  50. Biological (inherited/genetic or inborn) reinforcer is primary reinforcer
  51. Acquired (environmental/learning based) reinforcer is secondary reinforcer
  52. Motivation of inner pleasure isIntrinsic and motivation of external reward is Extrinsic 
  53. Behavior related to particular stimulus Respondent behavior.
  54. Behavior not clearly related to particular stimulus Operant behavior.
  55. Use of consequences to strengthen behavior Reinforcer
  56. Use of consequences to weaken behavior Punishment
  57. Observable reaction to stimulus is
  58. Learned response to previously neutral stimulus or responses evoked by conditional stimulus CS is conditioned response
  59. Teacher are popular in class who help students to resolve their problems
  60. Moral values can be developed among students if teacher himself practice them.
  61. Introspection method was used in Psychoanalysis
  62. Focus on unconscious mind, it is therapy and a theory of Freud Psychoanalysis
  63. It is also called psychodynamic theoryPsychoanalysis
  64. Unconscious mind(related with Id) is a process that happens  
  65. Human’s conscious thoughts (mind) can’t examine this process Unconsciousness
  66. Subconscious Mind (related with Ego) is a secondary mind system
  67. It makes decisions without our needing to actively think about them, Sub-consciousness
  68. Conscious Mind (related with super Ego) contain thoughts we are aware.
  69. According Freud Personality is composed or three components id, Ego, Superego
  70. Idworks on pleasure principle it is Inborn and unconscious  
  71. Egoworks Reality principle, fulfill basic needs and it is subconscious, 
  72. Superegoworks on Moral, Ethical principle, helps in making judgments.
  73. The superego has two parts.The conscience, The ego ideal 
  74. The conscienceincludes actions that are liked or disliked by society
  75. The ego idealincludes the rules and standards for behaviors that the ego aspires
  76. Transpersonal Psychology is also called Spiritual/ Transpersonal Psychology
  77. Transpersonal Psychology is Latest Approach
  78. Transpersonal means beyond the personal,
  79. What we think and how we feel in our altered states of awareness is Transpersonal Psychology
  80. Apparently losing power of voluntary actions but responsive to suggestions is Hypnosis
  81. Cognitive Psychology is‘white-box’ theory 
  82. Behaviorism is sometimes called the ‘black-box’ theory.
  83. Cognitive psychologystudies man’s thinking, memory language, problem solving.
  84. Man is conscious animal said by Wilhelm Wundt Man is social animal said by Aristotle
  85. Aristotle wasfirst psychologist, He wrote first book on Psychology The
  86. There are 06 stages of physical development
  87. Pre-Natal StageConception to childbirth is first stage
  88. Infancy Birth to 2 years
  89. Childhood3 to 12 years it is sub divided into two stages Early childhood 3 to 6 years (Why Age) Later childhood 7 to 12 years (Gang Age)
  90. Adolescence13 to 19 years
  91. Adulthood20 to 60 years, early adulthood 20 to 40 years later adulthood 40 to 60 years
  92. Old Age60 Year to death
  93. There is no clear-cut answer regarding the morally correct action MoralDilemma
  94. How people think about right and wrong, acquire & apply moral rules.Moral reasoning
  95. Inborn automatic response to stimuli Reflexes.
  96. Actions that shows respect and caring for others Prosocial behavior.
  97. Ability of a person to analyze his thoughts is Reflectivity.
  98. Discrepancy between the self-concept and reality (ideal self) Incongruence self
  99. Accurate match between the self-concept and reality (ideal self). CongruenceSelf
  100. According to Carl Roger unconditional love fosterCongruence Self

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Pedagogy Mcqs for Preparation of Educators PST SST Teachers

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  • Sensorial games strengthen mental muscles.
  • Maria established a school in 1907 is called Children House.
  • Special material used in Montessoriclass, for creating and organizing Intelligence among young leaners (pink tower, broad stairs, red rods etc.) are called Sensorial material 
  • Classroom environment (inside/outside) prepared for leaner by Dr. Maria was Ready/prepared environment
  • 03-hour workcycle for young children was recommended by Maria Montessori
  • After 03-hour work cycle child start losing interestin learning.
  • When child seem to lose interest in work, happens near 10:00 am.False fatigue
  • 1stschool for handicapped children was established by Maria Montessori early childhood education
  • Discovery of Child, Montessori Method, Secret of Childhood, Absorbent Mind are written by Maria Montessori
  • Montessorifavored 3R’s teaching Writing, Reading, and Arithmetic. (preferred writing before reading)
  • Developmental stages in Montessori curriculum04
  • The association Montessori international (AMI)was established by Montessori in 1929.
  • The Reggio Emilia approach is an educational philosophy and pedagogy focused on preschool and primary
  • Reggio Emilia approach is a student-centered/constructivist/self-guided curriculum.
  • The Reggio Emilia model focuses heavily on social collaboration, encouraging children to work in groupsand develop knowledge through communicating with others
  • The Reggio Emilia approach was founded by Lori Malaguzzi in Reggio Emilia (a city in Northern Italy) in 1945 after WW-2
  • Reggio Emilia focuses more on collaborative learningwhereas Montessori focuses on independent learning.
  • Reggio Emilia classrooms are more flexible and open-endedwhereas Montessori areas are more  
  • The Waldorf homeschooling method was popularized by Rudolf Steinerin Europe.
  • The Waldorf idea is to wait to teach reading until children are around age 7
  • Waldorf classrooms have a theme of “heart, head, and hands.
  • Paulo Freirea Brazilian educationist promoted idea of  Critical Pedagogy
  • Students becomecritically conscious about reality and concepts being taught by the teacher by asking questions, evaluating and creativity Critical Pedagogy
  • There are 3 waysfor critical pedagogy Dialogues, Praxis (action), Generating themes.
  • Problem Posing Method,Banking method, Cultural circle were developed by Freire.
  • Knowledge is taken to be a gift that is presented to student by teacher, student have no opportunity to question, evaluate or change their lives Banking method
  • Students and teacher discuss generative themes which are related to nature, culture, work Cultural circle
  • Two nation theory was founded by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
  • Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was born in Delhion 17 October 1817, died on 27 March 1898
  • Who started Aligarh movement Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
  • Asarul sanadid, Tabeen al kalam, e. baghwat hind, Aaeen akbri, Tazk e jhangeeri, Tehzeebulakhlaq (Magazine) are written by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
  • Syed Ahmed Khan established Orphanagefor Muslim children in Moradabad, Madrasa Murdabad in 1858 and madrasah Ghaziabad in 1862
  • Sir Syedfounded Scientific society in 1864 for translation of English books into Urdu
  • Sir Syedfounded Muhammadan educational conference 1886 to bring political wisdom in Muslim, All India  Muslim League (AIML) founded in 1906 from this forum.
  • Promoted western education and religious education among Muslims Sir Syed
  • Sir Syedfounded MAO (Muhammadan Anglo Oriental) high school in 1875, promoted to MAO College in 1877 and to Ali Garh University in 1920.
  • Muslim pragmatist, political leader said superstition cannot be part of faith Sir Syed
  • Sir Syedsaid acquisition of science technology is only solution Muslim problems.
  • Allama Muhammad Iqbalwas born on 09 Nov1877 in Sialkot and died on 21 April 1938 tomb is in Lahore near Badshahi mosque.
  • Presented theory of self-realization Iqbal
  • Demanded separate homeland for Muslims at Alla Abad in1930, Hindus titled him “imaginative dreamer” Iqbal
  • Iqbal Presented concept of egoor individuality in his book Asrar e Khudi
  • Bang-i-Dara1924, Bal-e-Jibril 1935, Zarb-i-Kalim 1936 are Wriiten by Iqbal in Urdu
  • Asrar-i-Khudi (1915), Rumuz-i-Bekhudi (1918), Payam-i-Mashriq (1923) Zabur-i-Ajam (1927), Javid Nama (1932), Aqwam- e-Sharq (1936)  Armaghan-e-Hijaz  1938 are Wriiten by Iqbal in Persian
  • Armaghan-e-Hijaz1938 is wriiten by Iqbal in Urdu and Persian both
  • Iqbal presented practical plan for education system of Afghanistanand known as Iqbal-e-Lahore in Iran
  • Talking and indiscipline in class is indicator of Students boredom.
  • Tell aggressive students about their behavior’s harmful consequences.
  • The purpose of textbook assignments is
  • Can a teacher suspend students
  • Difference in values of different age group is Generation Gap.
  • Rote learning is suitable for slow learners.
  • Teacher who knows students problems and able to resolve them Appreciated
  • On very first day in class what would you like to do first? introduce myself
  • Majority of students are week in class what will you do? Keep teaching slow with extra guidance to slow learner
  • A teacher is not able to get students attention he should evaluate his teaching methods
  • If some students misbehave Improve their characteristics by your behavior
  • Back bencher are making noise, Make them sit in front
  • A teacher should keep his voice in class High
  • Students are not able to follow you Give more examples.
  • A student fail in exam it is fault of student.
  • You are unable to answer a question “ He will answer it later after consultation”
  • Classroom discipline can be maintained by developing student interest in study
  • A teacher in the class is a Group leader
  • Verbal guidance is least effective in teaching the
  • If noise occure in class teacher should quite for a whilethen go on
  • Mind itself is result of process of evaluation said by Johan Locke
  • Philosophy is an intellectual or moral activity according to Johan Locke
  • An English philosopher who gave a new impetus to realism is:Johan Locke
  • John Locke theoryis called Tabula Rasa (Latin erased tablet/blank slate)
  • Children mind is a blank slate experience build their knowledge; school must fill that slate. Tabula Rasa
  • Structuralism focuses on structure of mindpresented by Wilhelm Wundt & Titchener
  • Functionalism focuses on function of mindpresented by William James
  • Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviorpresented by B Watson
  • Gestalt focuses on whole behaviorpresented by Max Wertheimer
  • Humanist psychology focuses on human being, free willpresented by Maslow, Rogers
  • Psychoanalysis focuses on conscious, unconscious, subconscious mind
  • Psychoanalysis focuses on bringing unconscious mind into conscious
  • Freud believed that most of behavior are controlled by unconsciousmotives & drives
  • Freud has major work to solve problem of Mental illness
  • Freud divided mind into 3 categoriesconscious, unconscious, subconscious mind
  • According to PsychoanalysisEgo obeys reality principle
  • In Freud concept Repressed urges that find disguised outlet for expressionare Condensation
  • Transpersonal psychology focuses on mind & body relationpresented by Carl Jung
  • Concept of Collective unconscious was given byCarl Jung
  • Cognitive psychology focuses on mental processing of informationpresented by Ulric Neisser father of Cognitive Psychology
  • Opened the world’s first psychological lab in Leipzig in 1879, father of experimental psychology wrote book Principles of Physiological Psychology, in 1874. Wundt 
  • Oldest school of Psychology Structuralism
  • Focus on analysis of the components of consciousness Structuralism
  • Braking down the mental process into its component parts and investigating each component. Structuralism
  • Introspection method was used by Structuralism
  • William James the father of American psychology, functionalism, wrote a book Principles of Psychologyin 1890
  • TV is better than radio in teaching because it uses both senses(auditory, vision)
  • Discipline matter should be sent to headmaster when other means get failed.
  • A students got unconscious provide first aidand contact to nearby doctor.
  • First important work of teacher in teaching is knowing student backgrounds
  • Curriculum include formaland informal education.
  • Dynamic approach to teaching means learning through activities.
  • If you want to teach a normal child with blind sit the blind in front.
  • True evaluation of student is possible through continuous evaluation.

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Pedagogy Preparation MCQS

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  • Aristotle wrote Peripsysche (1st book on psychology that’s why called father of psychology), Politic, Rhetoric, Physics.
  • Lyceum of Aristotle wasPeripatetic School (moving school)
  • Aristotle taught Philosophy, Rhetoric, Mathin “Lyceum”
  • It is considered as base of present-day universities. Lyceum
  • Aristotle used deductive methodsto find knowledge
  • Aristotle Categorized Virtue into Moral, Intellectual, Social Categories
  • Aristotle Promoted male education, considered woman inferior to man.
  • “Happy man is an educated man and aim of education is to train people to reason” said byAristotle, “Sensory experience is the root of knowledge” said by Aristotle
  • “Rationality, habits and nature make man good and virtuous” said byAristotle
  • “Education is attainment of happiness and virtue lies in attainment of happiness” said by Aristotle
  • Name of Schoolof Horace Mann was Common & Normal School
  • Name of Schoolof Johan Dewey was Laboratory School
  • Name of Schoolof Albert Garry S was Garry plan/Platoon System
  • Name of Schoolof Helen Park Hurst  was Dalton Plan
  • Name of Schoolof Pestalozzi was Normal School
  • Name of Schoolof Frobel was Kindergarten
  • Allama Iqbal Open University(AIOU) was established in 21st May 1974,
  • Allama Iqbal Open Universitywas established under Policy 1972.
  • Old name of AIOU wasPeople Open University which was changed in 1977
  • AIOU is located in sector H-8
  • Mode of education of AIOU isNon-Formal (distance based)
  • First largest distance based university inAsia and 2nd largest in world is AIOU
  • First open university of the world isUK open university established in 1969,
  • AIOU earnedUNESCO Noma award and Raja Roy Singh
  • PEC started in 2005 for conduction of 5thand 8th grade exams.
  • Only province which has commission for elementary level exam is Punjab (PEC)
  • Assessment Policy Framework (APF) 2020 is new policy of
  • PEC will Discontinue grade 5 & 8 population-based exam. According to APF-2020
  • PEC will start Large scale assessment (LSA) (sample based), andSchool based assessment (SBA) Provide item bank from grade 1 to 8th For SBA APF-2020
  • The National Professional Standards for Teachers(NPSTs) Developed by policy and planning wing ministry of education Pakistan in February 2009.
  • 10 NPSTs were developed with technical support of UNESCO & financial aid of USAID under STEP project (strengthening teacher education in Pakistan.
  • NPST 1: Subject Matter Knowledge
  • NPST 2: Human Growth and Development
  • NPST 3: Knowledge of Islamic Ethical Values
  • NPST 4: Instructional Planning & Strategies
  • NPST 5: Assessment
  • NPST 6: Learning Environment
  • NPST 7: Effective Communications & Use of ICT 
  • NPST 8: Collaboration and Partnership
  • NPST 9: CPD (continuous professional development)& Code of Conduct
  • NPST10: Teaching of ESL/ EFL (English as second language/English as foreign language)
  • Each NPST is subdivided into 03 levels, the Knowledge(cognitive domain), Dispositions (affective domain), Performances (Psychomotor domain).
  • Dividing/separating students according to their abilities is calledTracking.
  • A teacher is self-critical in his teaching would be a reflective teacher.
  • Schools, college, universities provide Formal education.
  • AIOU and Virtual University provide Non-Formal education.
  • Family, friends, mosques, market, media and internet provide In-Formal education.
  • Horace Mann (1796-1859 America) is called Father ofModern American Education.
  • Horace Mannestablished college called Normal school, for Teacher training.
  • In Normal school capable teachers were promoted and unfit were eliminated.
  • Horace Mannstarted Common school for students to provides free education
  • On the art of teaching, Lectures on education are written by Horace Mann
  • Johan Dewey born in 1859and died in 1952 in America.
  • Dewey established Laboratory school at Chicago University in 1896.
  • Dewey introducedproject method, learning by doing, activity methods.
  • Dewey presentedProgressivism philosophy, and he is exponent of
  • Dewey wanted to promote worldwide Democracy through his education system.
  • Dewey‘s curriculum has 03levels Making & doing, space & time, science subjects.
  • Democracy & education, Experience & education, Arts as experience, School and society, Reconstruction in philosophy are written by
  • One of the pioneering elementary education is
  • H. Pestalozzi born in 1746 and died in 1827in Switzerland
  • H. Pestalozzi established Normal schoolfor teacher training at Burg-ford in 1799 
  • Pestalozzi’s Normal schoolfor teacher training closed in 1825.
  • Helen Park Hurst (1883-1973 America)was Student of Maria Montessori
  • Dalton School(Nursery to High School) was established by Helen Park Hurst
  • Dalton School was a laboratory schoolestablished in 1919 in Newark.
  • Dalton School where learner wereexperimenter. Is also called Children University.
  • Helen Park Hurst recognized school into 3 parts Assignments, Laboratory, and House.
  • Teacheroutlined weekly assignments in Dalton School.
  • Student’s performance were shown by Maps/Graphs in Dalton School.
  • Duration of conference in Dalton school was 25-45 Minutes.
  • Laboratory was actually a classroom in Dalton School.
  • Pestalozzi stressed on the training of Teachers.
  • Learning by 3H(head, heart, hand) was given Pestalozzi
  • 3H of Pestalozzi are similar to 3 domain of Bloom taxonomy
  • Head (Cognition), Heart (Affective), Hand (Psychomotor).
  • Pestalozzi is father of Vocational Training(education) and Modern Education 
  • Among the influences of the Pestalozzi and Herbert upon education should be listed the normal school as an Agency for training the teacher.
  • Herbartianismis a pedagogical system of German educator Johann Friedrich Herbart
  • Herbart presented Five formal stepsin lesson planning (teaching) Preparation, presentation, comparison & association, generalization, application in
  • Father of lesson planning isHerbert
  • Science of pedagogy, Outline of pedagogical theory are written by Herbart
  • Two similar ideas mix together but two different combines together. Theory of Idea
  • Theory of Idea was presented byHerbert
  • Herbert Classified of mind classified into 3 parts knowing, feeling, willing
  • Herbert divided Curriculum into 2 parts Historical and Scientific.
  • Kindergarten is German word “kindergarten” which means “garden of children” founded by Frobel in 1837for age of 4-5 years
  • Kindergarten included Gifts, Occupations, and
  • Gifts were 10 symmetrical play materialreturned to original form after use like ball, boxes, and cubes.
  • Occupations (activities) 12 flexible material which were not returned to original form after use clay, cutting paper, painting, drawing, weaving etc.
  • Songs were poems and rhymes.
  • Frobelis 1st philosopher to perceive significance of Socialization as basic principle of teaching.
  • Fredrick Frobel was born in1782 and died in 1852 he was
  • Play is engine of real learning, Learning unite knowing, feeling and doing., All the children have potential to learn are 03 famous saying of
  • Pedagogues of kindergarten, Education of man are written by
  • His religious believes form the bases of his philosophy
  • Maria Montessorian Italian  Physician/educationist born in 1870 and died in 1952
  • 1stwoman doctor graduated from Rome University in 1896. Maria Montessori
  • Dr, Maria saidChild born with mathematical mind as child keep things or classify things mannerly

100-Dr, Maria said from birth to 6-year child has absorbent mind

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PEDAGOGY PREPARATION MCQS

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  1. In Gary method School was divided into two groupsone receives education from specialized teacher other
  2. Gary method was founded by albert H. Gary at Gary Indiana USA in 2006
  3. An educational system that allowed children to work in several grades at once were other examples of reforms associated with progressive education The Winnetka Plan.
  4. Reconstructionism is also called Critical theory, Social Reconstructionism, Postmodernism, Theodor Brameld (1904-1987) was founder of Reconstructionism
  5. George counts, Paulo Freire are exponents of Reconstructionism,
  6. Addressing social questions & quest to create a better society & worldwide democracy Reconstructionism, It has American origin.Reconstructionism
  7. Reforms are necessary in all walks of life focus on social problems. Reconstructionism
  8. Five basis of philosophy totality, revolutionary, democracy, selectivity & coherence. Reconstructionism, Democracy is only truth & reality Reconstructionism
  9. Use of technology to create beneficent society Reconstructionism
  10. Most advance philosophy isReconstructionism
  11. Experiments, sense & observation are real source of knowledge. Reconstructionism
  12. Culture & society are the basic source of values which may change with time. Reconstructionism, It is successor of progressivism. Reconstructionism
  13. Education should reflect social & economical consideration & construct new social system Reconstructionism
  14. System must be changed to improve human conditions Reconstructionism
  15. This philosophy was developed in reaction against realities of ww2 Reconstructionism
  16. Curriculum should reflect social problem like hunger, terrorism, violence, Prepare students for social revolution It is successor of progressivism. Reconstructionism
  17. Eradication of social ills, reconstruct society to meet cultural, social, political & economic problems. It is successor of progressivism. Reconstructionism
  18. Advancement of technology in every sector of life. Reconstructionism
  19. Curriculum of Reconstructionismis Democratic, civic education, social problems, bringing the world into classroom
  20. Stress on building new society, reconstructing and reorganizing educational processReconstructionism
  21. Needs of individuals are more important than society Romanticism.
  22. Logic include inductive and deductive
  23. Reality comprise both idealism and realism (body and mind) Cartesian dualism.
  24. Sensory experience, sense observation or sense perception are called
  25. When a student fail we should give him another chance to improve.
  26. Central body of knowledge required by all students is Core-curriculum
  27. Study of universe is Cosmology, Study of religion is Theology, study of Human being is
  28. Concept of Golden Mean (virtue lies in middle between two extremes) was given by Aristotle
  29. Survival of fittest, theory of evolution (theory of natural selection) was given by Charles Darwin.
  30. Analyze past and present society to create good future Political philosophy.
  31. Islam Is derived from Arabic word “Asama” means “to accept” or “submission”.
  32. Three Perspectives of Islamic Philosophy: Conservative religious, rational, pragmatism.
  33. Basic Aim ofIslamic Philosophy Self preparation and balance personality 
  34. Universals exist before things. Islamic Philosophy
  35. All mankind is expected to believe in Allah the Omnipotent, Omnipresent. Omniscient according to Islamic Philosophy
  36. Mankind is the vicegerentof Allah (Khalifa-tu-Ullah) on Earth
  37. Testimony of Faithin Islamic Philosophy are Allah, Angels. Prophets, Holy books, Day of judgement, fate 
  38. Main source of knowledge is Quran & Sunnah
  39. e. Sitta are the six Books of Hadith
  40. Saheen in  Saha.e.Sitta are Bukhari Sharif and Muslim Sharif.
  41. The totality of life: spiritual, intellectual, religious, cultural, individual, etc. Use of mind & senses.
  42. Inner beauty is more valuable. Islamic Philosophy
  43. A group of teachers in the fourth Hijri century in Al- Basra, who created a group “Lovers of Philosophy” Ikhwan Alsafa
  44. Purposes of education in Islamic Philosophy To know and worship
  45. Basic purpose of education in Islamic Philosophy is Obedience to ALLAH
  46. Dialogue, induction, deduction, personal experience, intuition, discussion, note-taking, and analogy are methods of teaching in  Islamic Philosophy
  47. Teacher are Inheritors of Prophets’ Islamic Philosophy
  48. Prefer emotions (intuitions) over reason Romanticism
  49. No curricula, no schools, no classes and no assessment, Romanticism
  50. It was influenced by first world war (late 19thand early 20th century)  Modernism 
  51. Using rational & logic as mean to gain knowledge, it rejects realism. It rejects the conventional styles of prose & poetry. Modernism
  52. It was influenced by world war-ii Prevalent from mid-20th Postmodernism
  53. It rejects logical thinking and bases on unscientific & irrational thought process. It uses a mixture of conventional styles Postmodernism
  54. Social, political & economic theory, Marxism
  55. It examines effect of capitalism on labor, productivity, economic development & argues worker revolution concept given by Karl Marx Marxism
  56. Reason is source of knowledge does not experience; all our ideas are innate concept given by Rene Descartes Rationalism
  57. Pleasure or absence of pain motivates us to reach or reality. Sex, drugs. Hedonism
  58. Wahdat Ul WajoodConcept was given by Ibnul Arbi
  59. Wahadat Tul Shahudwas given by Mujadad Alf Sani in reaction to Wahdat Ul Wajood.
  60. Desirable models of behavior of a society Values:An accepted way of life. Culture 
  61. When after observing a sample (a little part) someone thinks that it is true than whole will also be true. Fallacy of Composition.
  62. Athenian education focused on political training
  63. Spartan education focused on military training
  64. Athens and Sparta were two cities of Greece
  65. Athenian education involved more intellectual elements than
  66. Combination of arithmetic, astronomy, music, geometry Quadrivium
  1. Combination of arithmetic, music, reading and writing Didaselealum
  2. Combination of grammar, logic, and rhetoric Trivium
  3. Wrestling school in Greece,Plestra,  Art of speaking and writing Rhetoric
    1. Academywas founded by Plato, Lyceum was founded by Aristotle.
  4. Term used by plato which means physical mental spiritual development of individual Paideia, School of Socrates was Megarians (It was name of a Greek city)
  5. Padagos/paragoges:Teachers in old Greece  (in Athenian education these were slaves in early stages), Agog: means excitement , Ephebes: It means young man
  6. Paidos and agos:Formulate word pedagogy which means “to lead the child”
  7. Dialectic method of inquiry was contributed bySocrates
  8. Dialectic method is also callled dialogue method & question answer method or socratic strategy. Socratic metjod
  9. Socrates was teacher of Plato,Plato was teacher of Aristotle, Aristotle was teacher of Alexander
  10. “Developing concept through question answer among students” or dialogues to resolve conflict through questions” Dialectic method 
  11. It stimulate critical thinking. Dialectic method
  12. Dialogue to resolve conflicts between two or more people is Dialectic method
  13. Four types of questions in Dialectic method are
  14. Introductory(linking with previous knowledge) Developing (Questions on new topic),
  15. Recapitulatory(Repeating the questions) Evaluatory (To judge performance at the end)
  16. It is difficult to design standard question inquestion answer method
    1. “A formal discussion between group member to find answers to some universal questions  Dialogue, Socrates used question technique to develop
  17. Socrates Classified Knowledge in to 2 categories Ordinary Knowledge (First Level) and Definitional Knowledge (Higher Level knowledge)
  18. “Knowledge that comes from inside is real” – “knowledge is virtue” said by Socrates
  19. Theory of Knowledgeand Theory of Concepts was given by Socrates
  20. Plato wroteA) Republic, B) Sophists, C) Laws, D) Statesman All
  21. Plato Presentedstory telling method of teaching and idealism theory.
  22. “Apology” is Plato’s recollection of the speeches given by Socrates when Socrates was charged withnot believing in Gods
  23. The first institution of higher learning in the Western world, “Academy”, was founded byPlato, in 387 BC at Athens-Greece to teach Physical Science, Astronomy, Math
  24. Plato advocated compulsory general education between age 07-20 years
  25. Plato presented the idea of ideal stateand idealism philosophy of Plato is mean of Preserving state.
  26. Idealism and Utopian society{ideal society} were given in Plato’s book Republic
  27. Story telling is main tool for formation of student’s character. said by
  28. Ideas what cannot be thought cannot be real said by
  29. Main role of education according to Plato is development ofPower of Thinking.
  30. Plato presented theTheory of Cave Also called as The Allegory of the Cave.
  31. Physical objects and events are Shadowsof their ideal form. Theory of Cave

Plato’s Cave, is an allegory presented in book Republic to compare “the effect of education and the lack of it on our nature”.

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